XDI. GREETINGS (ii)
457. The young person greets the old
1000. See 993. 1001. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “The young person greets the old person, the person walking greets the person sitting down, and the small group greets the large group.”
458. The end of the greeting
1001. (sic) Abu’z-Zinad said, “Kharija (ibn Zayd ibn Thabit) used to write on the letter of Zayd when he said the salam, ‘Peace be upon you, Amir al-Mu’minin, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings and His forgiveness and the best of His prayers.”
459. The person who greets by a gesture
1002. Abu Qurra al-Khurasani said, “I saw Anas pass by us and he indicated to us with his hand that he was giving the greeting., The gesture made that clear. I saw al-Hasan using yellow dye while wearing a black turban. Asma said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, waved his hand to indicate the greeting to women.”
1003. Sa’d reported that he went with ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar and al-Qasim ibn Muhammad. They stopped at a place and ‘Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr commanded and made a gesture of greeting to them and it was answered.
1004. ‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah said, “They used to dislike a greeting made with the hand,” or he said, “He disliked greeting with the hand.”
460. Make it heard when you greet
1005. Thabit ibn ‘Ubayd said, “I came to a group which included ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar who said, ‘When you greet, make it clearly audible, for it is a greeting from Allah containing great blessing.:
461. Someone who goes out, greets and is greeted
1006. At-Tufayl ibn Ubayy ibn Ka’b related that he used to visit ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar and would go with him to the market. He said, “When we went to the market, ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar did not pass by any rubbish collector nor merchant nor poor person nor anyone else without greeting them.”
At-Tufayl said, “I came to ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar one day and he asked me to follow him to the market. I said, ‘What is the point of you going to the market? You do not engage in selling nor ask about goods nor bargain for them nor sit in any of the groups in the market. Let us sit here and talk.’ ‘Abdullah said to me, ‘You with the belly! (at-Tufayl had a large belly.) We go out in the morning only for the sake of the greeting we give to those we meet.”
462. The greeting when someone comes to a gathering
1007. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “When one of you comes to a gathering, he should give the greeting. If he leaves, he should give the greeting. Neither is more of a duty than the other.”
463. The greeting when someone leaves a gathering
1008. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “When a man comes to a gathering, he should give the greeting. When he sits down and then thinks that he should leave before the gathering has broken up, he should give the greeting. Neither is more of a duty than the other.”
464. The duty of someone who gives the greeting when he stands up
1009. Mu’awiya ibn Qurra said, “My father told me, ‘If you sit in a gathering expecting good to come from, but then something occurs which makes you leave, say, ‘Peace be upon you,’ and you will share in any good that they obtain in that gathering. There are no people who sit in a gathering and then split up without Allah having been mentioned, but that it is as if they were leaving the corpse of a donkey.'”
1010. Abu Hurayra said, “Whoever meets his brother should greet him. If a tree or wall comes between them and then he meets him, he should greet him on the other side.”
1011. Anas ibn Malik reported that the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to gather and they would turn towards the tree and a group of them would go to the right and a group to its left. When they met again, they would greet one another.
465. The person who oils his hand for the handshake
1012. It is reported by Thabit al-Bannani that Anas used to oil his hand with scented oil in the morning for the sake of shaking hands with his brothers.
466. Greeting those you know and those you do not know
1013. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr reported that a man said, “Messenger of Allah, which aspect of Islam is best?” He replied, “Feeding people and greeting those you know and those you do not know.”
467. Chapter
1014. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade people to sit in courtyards and roads. The Muslims said, “We will not be able to avoid it. We cannot undertake it.” He said, “If not, then give it its due.” They said, “What is it due?” He said, “Lower the eye, guide the traveller, wish for mercy on the person who sneezes when he praises Allah and return the greeting.”
1015. Abu Hurayra said, “The most miserly of people is the person who is miserly with the greeting. The one who is cheated of good is the one who does not return it. if a tree comes between you and your brother, and you are able to be the first to begin the greeting before the other person, then do it.”
1016. Salim, the mawla of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr, said, “When Ibn ‘Umar was greeted, he returned it with increase. I came upon him sitting down and said, ‘Peace be upon you,’ and he said, ‘Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah.’ Then I came another time and said, “Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah,; and he said, ‘Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.’ Then I came to him another time and said, ‘Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings,’ and he said, ‘Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings and the bet of His prayers.'”
468. Do not greet a deviant person
1017. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘as said, “Do not greet anyone who drinks wine.”
1018. Al-Hasan said, “There should be no sense of respect between you and a deviant person.”
1019. ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah was heard expressing his dislike for chess and said, “Do not greet someone who plays it. It is a kind of gambling.”
469. Not greeting a man wearing khaluq-perfume and those in rebellion (against Allah)
1020. ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, walked past some people who included a man who used khaluq perfume. He looked at them and gave them the greeting, but turned away from that man. The man asked, ‘Have you turned away from me?’ He replied, ‘There is redness between your eyes.'”
[Khaluq is a reddish-yellow perfume usually used by women.]
1021. Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah reported that a man came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wearing a gold signet-ring on his finger. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, turned away from him. When the man saw his dislike of the gold, he threw the ring away. He made an iron ring and wore it. He came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “This is worse. This is the ornament of the people of the Fire.” The man went away, threw it off and put on a silver ring and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not say anything about it.”
1022. Abu Sa’id said, “A man came from al-Bahrayn to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and greet him, but the Prophet did not answer him. The man was wearing a gold ring and a silk robe. The man went away in sorrow. He complained to his wife and she said, ‘Perhaps the Messenger of Allah objects to your robe and your ring. Throw them away and then go back.; he did that and then the Prophet returned his greeting. He said, ‘I came to you yesterday and you turned away from me.’ He said, ‘You had a coal of the Fire on your hand.’ He said, ‘I came then with some coals.’ He said, ‘As for what you brought, there is no one who is free from dependence on these stones. But it is the enjoyment of the life of this world.’ He said, ‘What should I make a ring from?’ ‘From silver, brass, or iron,’ he replied.
470. Greeting the Amir
1023. ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdu’l-‘Aziz asked Abu Bakr ibn Abi Hathama, “Why did Abu Bakr write, ‘From Abu Bakr, the Khalifa (Successor) of the Messenger of Allah’ and then ‘Umar wrote after him, ‘From ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, the khalifa (successor) of Abu Bakr’? Who was the first to write ‘the Amir alMu’minin’?” He replied, “My grandmother, ash-Shifa’, related to me, and she was one of the first to write ‘the Amir al-Mu’minin’?” He said, “My grandfather, ash-Shifa’ related to me, (and she was one of the first Muhajirun and when ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab entered the market, he visited her), saying, ”Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to the governor of Iraq requesting him to send him two trustworthy noble men so that he could question them about Iraq and its people. He sent him a master of Iraq, Labid ibn Rabi’a and also ‘Adi ibn Hatim, and they came to Madina. They made their camels kneel in the courtyard of the mosque, entered it and found ‘Amr ibn al-‘As. They said to him, ”Amr, ask permission for us to visit the Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Umar.’ ‘Amr got up and went to ‘Umar. He said, ‘Peace be upon you, Amir al-Mu’minin.’ ‘Umar said to him, ‘Ibn al-‘As, what made you use this name? You have deviated from what you normally say.’ He said, ‘Yes, Labid ibn Rabi’a and ‘Adi ibn Hatim came and said to me, “Ask permission for us to visit the Amir al-Mu’minin.” I said, “You two, by Allah, have hit upon the correct name. He is the amir and we are the believers.”‘ The title originated on that day.”
1024. ‘Ubaydullah ibn ‘Abdullah said, “Mu’awiya went on his first hajj when he was the khalifa and ‘Uthman ibn Hanif al-Ansari came to him and said, ‘Peace be upon you, Amir, and the mercy of Allah.’ The people of Syria objected to that and said, ‘Who is this hypocrite who shortens the greeting of Amir al-Mu’minin!’ ‘Uthman made his camel kneel and said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin! These men object to something which you know better than them. By Allah, I used this greeting for Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthman, and none of them objected to it.’ Mu’awiya said to those of the people of Syria who had spoken, ‘Take it easy! It was partly as he stated. But when the civil war engaged the people of Syria, they said, “Do not shorten the greeting of our khalifa in our presence (i.e. from Amir alMu’minin to Amir).” People of Madina, I will treat you as friends even though you use ‘Amir” for a zakat collector.'”
1025. Jabir said, “I visited al-Hajjaj and did not greet him.”
1026. Tamim ibn Hadhlam said, “I will mention the first to be greeted as ‘Amir’ in Kufa. Al-Mughira ibn Shu’ba left by the Bab ar-Rahba and a man of Kinda came up to him. They claim that it was Abu Qurra al-Kindi. He greeted him and said, ‘Peace be upon you, O Amir, and the mercy of Allah.’ He disliked it. So the man said, ‘Peace be upon you, O Amir, and the mercy of Allah. Peace be upon you. Am I one of you or not?'” Sammak ibn Salama ad-Dabi said, “After that it became an established practice.”
1027. Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd (ar-Ru’ayni) said, “We went to Ruwayfa’, the Amir of Antabulis. A man came and greeted him, saying, ‘Peace be upon the Amir.’ From ‘Abda, he said, ‘Peace be upon the Amir.’ Ruwayfa said to him, ‘If you had greeted us, we would have returned the greeting. But you greeted Maslama ibn Mukhallad (Maslama was in charge of Egypt). Go to him and he will return your greeting.'”
Ziyad said, “When we arrived, we greeted Ruwayfa’ while he was in his assembly, saying, ‘Peace be upon you.'”
471. Greeting someone asleep
1028. Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to come at night and would give the greeting in such a way that it would not awaken anyone asleep, but the person who was awake would hear it.”
472. May Allah preserve you
1029. ‘Umar said to ‘Adi ibn Hatim, “May Allah preserve you from recognition.”
473. Welcome
1030. ‘A’isha said, “Fatima walked in the same manner that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, walked. He used to say to her, ‘Welcome, my daughter!’ Then he would have her sit down on his right or his left.”
1031. ‘Ali said, “‘Ammar asked for permission to enter to visit the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Prophet recognised his voice and said, ‘Welcome with the best and purest greeting!'”
474. How to return the greeting
1032. ‘Uqba ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr who said, “While we were sitting with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the shade of a tree while travelling between Makkah and Madina, a bedouin, who was an example of the coarsest and fiercest kind of people came up and said, ‘Peace be upon you,’ and they said, ‘And upon you.'”
1033. Abu Jamra said, “I heard Ibn ‘Abbas say when he was greeted, ‘And upon you and the mercy of Allah.'”
1034. Qayla reported that a mans aid, “Peace be upon you, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” He said, “And peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah.”
1035. Abu Dharr said, “I came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he had finished his prayer. I was the first person to be greeted with the greeting of Islam. He said, ‘And on you and the mercy of Allah. Where have you come?’ I said, ‘From Ghifar.'”
1036. ‘A’isha reported, “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ”A’ish! This is Jibril who sends you greetings.’ I said, ‘And peace be upon him and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. You see what I do not see.” By that she meant the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
1037. Mu’awiya ibn Qurra said that his father said to him, “My son, when a man passes by you and says, ‘Peace be upon you (plural).’ Do not say, ‘And on you (singular)’ as if you were singling out that greeting out for him alone. Rather say, ‘Peace be upon you (plural).'”
475. Someone who does not return the greeting
1038. ‘Abdullah ibn as-Samit said, “I said to Abu Dharr, ‘I passed by ‘Abdu’r-Rahman ibn Umm alHakam and I greeted him and he did not answer me at all. He said, ‘Nephew, what harm have suffered from that? Someone better than him answered you ? the angel on his right.”
1039. ‘Abdullah said, “Peace is one of the Names of Allah which Allah has placed on the earth. Extend it among you. When a man greets people and they answer him, then he has a higher degree than them because he reminds them of peace. If no one answers him, he will be answered by one who is better and more excellent.'”
1040. Al-Hasan said, “Greeting is an act of obedience while the answer is a duty.”
476. Someone who is miserly with the greeting
1041. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As said, “A liar is someone who lies in his oath. A miser is someone who is miserly with the greeting. A thief is someone who steals the prayer.”
1042. Abu Hurayra said, “The most miserly of people is the one who is miserly with the greeting. The most incapable of people is the one who is the most incapable of supplication.”
477. The Greeting to Children
1043. Thabit al-Bannani reported that Anas ibn Malik walked by some children and greeted them. He said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to do that.”
1044. ‘Abbas said, “I saw Ibn ‘Umar greet children in the schools.”
478. Women greeting men
1045. Umm Hani’, the daughter of Abu Talib, said, “I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was performing a major ablution. I greeted him and he asked, ‘Who is this?’ ‘Umm Hani’,’ I replied. He said, ‘Welcome.'”
1046. Al-Hasan said, “Be women who greet men.”
479. Greeting women
1047. Asma’ was heard to say that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by a group of women sitting down in the mosque. He said to the salam with his hand and said, “Beware of the ingratitude of those with blessings. Beware of the ingratitude of those with blessings.” One of them said, “We seek refuge with Prophet, Prophet of Allah, from ingratitude for the blessings of Allah.” He said, “Yes. One of you women might have been without a husband for a long time (and then Allah provides her with one) and she becomes angry and says, ‘By Allah, I have never seen a hour of good from you. That is ingratitude for the blessings of Allah. That is the ingratitude of those with blessings.'”
1048. Asma’, the daughter of Yazid al-Ansari, said, “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by me while I was with some young slave girls belonging to me. He greeted us and said, ‘Beware of the ingratitude of those with blessings.’ I was the boldest of them in coming forward to question him and I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, what is the ingratitude of those with blessings?’ He replied, ‘Perhaps one of them with remain unmarried for a long time with her parents and then Allah provides her with a husband and provides her with children from him and then she gets angry and is ungrateful and says, “I have never seen any good at all from you.”‘”
480. Someone who dislikes to greet a particular person
1049. Tariq said, “We were sitting with ‘Abdullah when his doorkeeper came and said, ‘The iqama for the prayer has been given.’ He got up and we got up as well and went to the mosque. He saw the people doing ruku’ at the front of the mosque. He said the takbir, bowed, and we went and did the same thing that he had done. Then a man rushed past and said, ‘Peace be upon you, Abu ‘Abdu’r Rahman.’ He said, ‘Allah has spoken the truth and His Messenger conveyed the Message.’ When we finished the prayer, he returned and went back to his people. We remained sitting in our places, waiting for him until he came out. We said to each other, ‘Which of us will ask him?’ Tariq said, ‘I will ask him,’ and he did so. ‘Abdullah said, ‘From the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Before the Final Hour people will single out one individual for the greeting, commerce will increase until a woman helps her husband in business, people will sever their links with their relatives, knowledge will spread, false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed.”‘”
1050. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr reported that a man asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “Which is the best of Islam?” He replied, “Feeding people and giving the greeting to those you know and those you do not know.”
By Imam Bukhari
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