THE ‘UMRAH OF REDEMPTION
It is also called “Al-Qisas” and As-Suhaili prefers it, it is also referred to as “‘Umratul-Qadiyyah”. As for the first appellation, it is concerning the access-blockade of the year of Al-Hudaibiyyah. As for the second (Al-Qisas), it is concerning the statement of Allah, the Almighty: “And for the prohibited things, there is the Law of Equality (Qisas).” (Surah Al Baqarah 2:194). The third name derives from the decision that was reached where [the Muslims would] return from them (the people of Makkah) that year [without performing] and return the following year with a small army, and not staying beyond three days. This is the ‘Umrah referred to in the Verse of the Qur’an:
“Indeed, Allah shall fulfill the true vision which He showed to His Messenger [i.e. the Prophet saw a dream that he had entered Makkah along with his Companions, having their (head) hair shaved and cut short] in very truth. Certainly, you shall enter Al-Masjid Al-Haram; if Allah wills, secure, (some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your head hair cut short, having no fear.” (Surah Al-Fat‘h 48:27)
It was promised in the statement of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, to ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab when he said to him, “Did you not tell us that we would go to the Ka‘bah and perform Tawaf around it?” He said: “Yes, but did I tell you that you would visit the Ka‘bah this year?” I said, “No.” He said: “So you will visit it, and perform Tawaf around it?”
Ibn Ishaq related that when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned from the Battle of Khaibar, he stayed in Madinah through the two months of Rabee‘ (ul-Awwal and ath-Thani), the two Jumadas (al-Oola and al-Akhir), the months of Rajab, Sha‘ban, Ramadan and Shawwal sending his various military expeditions in between those months. Afterwards, he went out in the month of Dhul-Qa‘dah (the same month in which the Mushrikeen had held him back [from performing ‘Umrah]) intent upon the ‘Umrah of redemption in place of the one from which he was prevented (the previous year).
Ibn Hisham added: He (the Prophet) appointed Uwaif Ibn Al-Adbat AdDu’ili [in charge as Madinah]. It was referred to as the ‘Umratul-Qisas for they prevented the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Dhul-Qa‘dah in the sacred month of the sixth year. In the seventh year, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah in Dhul-Qa‘dah, the same sacred month in which he was previously prevented. It reached us on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said, Allah, the Almighty, revealed concerning that: “And for the prohibited things, there is the Law of Equality (Qisas).” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:194).
On the authority of Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “They lined up for him at the Darun-Nadwah to have a glimpse of him and his Companions. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered the Masjid, he did Idtiba‘ with his upper garment exposing his right shoulder and said: “Allah be pleased with a man in whom they can see strength.” Then he touched the corner and started out walking briskly and his Companions followed suit and he proceeded till the House covered him away from them, he touched the Yemeni corner and walked till he touched the Black (Stone) corner. Then he walked briskly for three circuits and then walked normally through the remaining circuits.”
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “When Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions arrived in Makkah, the pagans circulated the news that a group of people were coming to them and they had been weakened by the fever of Yathrib (Madinah). So the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered his companions to do Ramal (brisk walking) in the first three rounds of Tawaf of the Ka‘bah and to walk between the two corners (the Black Stone and Yemenite corner). Nothing stopped the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from ordering them to do Ramal in all the rounds of Tawaf except out of pity for them.”
Abu ‘Abdullah narrated that Abu Salamah added on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: “When the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came in the year agreed upon, he said: “Do Ramal (walk briskly) so that the pagans may observe your strength.” Meanwhile, the Mushrikoon were in the direction of Qu‘aiqi‘an.”
Imam Ahmad related on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed by Marraz-Zahran during his lesser pilgrimage. Meanwhile, information reached the Companions of Allah’s Messenger that the Quraish are saying: “They have become debilitated by emaciation.” Thus the Companions said, “If we could slaughter some of our mounts, eat from its meat and drink from its broth, we would then enter upon the people (Mushrikoon) the following morning with some relief and be well-fed.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Do not do that, rather, gather for me all your available provisions.” So they gathered them for him and spread it out and they ate so much to their fill that there was leftover from which each one of them also filled his traveling bag. Thereafter, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, proceeded till he entered the Grand Mosque and the Quraish sat in the direction of Hijr. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did Idtiba with his upper Rida’ (i.e., covered his upper part such that his right shoulder was exposed) and then said: “Today, the pagans will not find any blemish in you.” He touched the corner and then walked briskly till he was shielded away by the Yemeni corner and then he walked to the Black (Stone) corner. Then the Quraish said, “They are not even contented with walking, perhaps they will sprint in a manner similar to the antelope.” And they did just that in three circuits and it became a practice. Abu Tufail added: Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, also informed me that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did that during his Farewell Hajj.
By: Ibn Katheer
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