THE SECOND EXPEDITION OF BADR
It is the Badr by appointment [a meeting] which was promised the Battle of Uhud. Ibn Ishaq said: when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned to Madinah from the expedition of Dhatur Riqa‘, he remained there for the remainder of Jumada Al-Oola, Jumaa Al-Aakhir and Rajab. Then he set out in Sha‘ban to Badr for the appointment set by Abu Sufyan. Ibn Hisham related: “And he appointed ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salool over Madinah in his absence.”
Ibn Ishaq added: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, encamped at Badr and remained there for eight days waiting for Abu Sufyan. Meanwhile, Abu Sufyan also marched out with the forces of Makkah till they reached Majannah in the direction of Az-Zahran. Some people said that he reached Usfan. Then he began to feel reluctant and consider returning home. He said to his men: “O tribe of Quraish! Nothing will improve the condition you are in but a fruitful year — a year during which your animals feed on plants and bushes and give you milk to drink. And I see that this is a rainless year, therefore I am returning now and I recommend you to return with me.” Then they all returned after becoming crestfallen.
The people of Makkah nicknamed this army “the army of As-Saweeq” taunting that they marched forth only to drink As-Saweeq.
Then, Makhshi Ibn Amr Ad-Damri came and he had entered into a pact with the Prophet at the Battle of Waddan on behalf of Banu Damrah. He said: “O Muhammad, have you come here this water to confront the Quraish?” The Prophet replied: “Yes, O brother of Banu Damrah.” If you wish we shall repudiate the pact between us both so that we may both fight till Allah decides between us both.” He said: “No, by Allah, we do not have any need for that.” Then Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned to Madinah without a fight.
Aggregate Events that Occurred in the Fourth Year of Hijrah
Ibn Jareer narrated: In Jumada Al-Oola of the same year, ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Uthman Ibn Affan died, i.e. the son of Ruqayyah, the daughter of Allah’s Messenger, may Allah be pleased with him. The boy died at the age of six and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, offered the funeral prayer on him and his father, ‘Uthman, descended into his grave (to be by his corpse for burial).
The same year, Abu Salamah ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abdul-Asad Ibn Hilal Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Makhzoom Al-Qurashi Al-Makhzoomi died. His mother was Barrah Bint ‘Abdul-Muttalib, the aunt of Allah’s Messenger. Abu Salamah was a foster-brother to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, as they both suckled from Thuwaibah, the freed slave of Abu Lahab.
Ibn Jareer related: Few nights to the close of the month of Sha‘ban, AlHasan Ibn ‘Ali was born to Fatimah, the daughter of Allah’s Messenger. The narrator also said that in the month of Ramadan of the same year, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married Zainab Bint Khuzaimah Ibn Al-Harith.
Al-Waqidi said that in the month of Shawwal of the same year, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married Umm Salamah Bint Abi Umayyah.
I say: Prior to marrying the Prophet, Umm Salamah was with the father of her children, Abu Salamah Ibn ‘Abdul-Asad who had witnessed Badr and Uhud as pointed out earlier.
Umm Salamah narrated: One day, Abu Salamah returned to me from the presence of Allah’s Messenger and said: I heard Allah’s Messenger say that “No misfortune will befall a Muslim if he says at the time of that misfortune, as Allah has ordered, ‘Inna lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji‘oon. Allahumma jurni fi museebati, wakhluf li khairan minha’ (To Allah we belong and to Him we are returning. O Allah, reward me in my misfortune and give me better than it afterwards) except that Allah will do that for him.”
Umm Salamah continued: “I memorized that statement from him. So, when Abu Salamah died, I said the statement to myself: “Where can I find someone better than Abu Salamah?” After I had completed my waiting period (iddah), Allah’s Messenger sought my permission to enter. At the time, I was tanning a leather of mine. I washed my hands from the leaves (with which I was tanning), then I gave him permission. I spread out for him a leather cushion filled with fiber and he sat on it. He sought my hand in marriage. When he concluded his speech, I said to him: “O Allah’s Messenger, who am I not to have a desire to marry you but I am an extremely jealous woman, thus, I am scared that you will find in me something for which Allah might punish me. I am also a woman who has gathered some ages and I also have dependants.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, responded: “As for what you mentioned concerning your jealousy, Allah will cure you of it. As for the age which you have gathered, a similar thing has happened to me too. With regard to the dependants, whom you mentioned, your dependants are my dependants as well.” Umm Salamah then said: “I have submitted myself to Allah’s Messenger.” She then added: “Allah has certainly replaced for me someone better than Abu Salamah – Allah’s Messenger.”
By: Ibn Katheer
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