PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CONSONANTS PART 2
Change in the glottal stop
(i) Alnaql
Alnaql is the process of pronouncing the glottal stop [Ɂ] as an open vowel [a] for easy reading. This phonological process occurs frequently in the reading of Warsh when the glottal stop occurs in word boundaries as in
1) [man Ɂāmana] = > [manāmana] (Q3:99)
[wabilɁāirati] => [wabilāirati] (Q2:4)
Ibn Kathir changes the glottal stop into an open vowel when it occurs within the word boundary as
[alqurɁān] = > [alqurān] (Q17:9)
Hamza drops the glottal stop when it occurs in the final position as in
[difɁ] = > [dif] (Q16:5)
[milɁ] = > [mil] (Q3:91)
Alta’āt (the voiceless alveolar plosive) [t]
Albazzi reads the voiceless alveolar plosive [t] when it occurs in the beginning of the verb on the scale of [tafaʕʕal] or [tafāʕal] as geminated [tt] in 31 positions in the Qur’an as in
[walā tajammamu:] = > [walāttajmmamu:] (Q2:267)
[Ɂinna allaði:na tawaffāhum] = > [Ɂinna allaði:na ttawaffāhum](Q4:97)
[walā taʤassasu:] = > [walā ttaʤassasu:] (49:12)
Alra’āt (the voiced alveolar trill [r] and the voiced alveolar tap [ɾ])
In the Qur’anic recitation, the voiced alveolar trill [r] and the voiced alveolar tap [ɾ] occur in different positions. The trill [r] is always pharyngealized when followed or preceded by an open vowel, [arraħmān], [arraħīm], [arrab], [marjam]. The voiced alveolar tap /ɾ/ is always depharyngealized when followed or preceded by a close vowel, [rizq], [rijaɁ], [firʕawn]. Among the qurra’, Warsh tends to depharyngealize [r] in the following environments:
1) When [r] is preceded by the long vowel [ī] in all cases, it is depharyngealized [ɾ].
[baʃīran] = > [baʃīɾan] (Q:14)
[mīrāƟ] = > [mīɾāƟ] (Q57:10)
The above rule will have the following form:
However, Warsh pharyngealizes [r] when it occurs in the following environments:
(i) [alijaratu] (Q28:68) and [jarawna] (Q25:22) because [r] is separated from [j] by a vowel
(ii) [fī rajb] (Q22:4) because [r] occurs in the beginning of a word and followed by an open vowel.
(iii) [ruɁu:sihim] (Q21:65) because [r] occurs in the beginning of a word and followed by a close back vowel.
2) [r] is depharyngealized in Warsh mode of reading when it is preceded by a close vowel [i] in the same word even if it is followed by an open vowel [a] as in [ðiɾāʕajhi] (Q18:18), [ħasˁiɾat] (Q4:90), [ʃākiɾan] (Q16:121).
However, [r] in the following verses is not depharyngealized because the close vowel [i] and the [r] occur across word boundaries. [ʕala alkuffāri ruħamāɁu] (Q48:29), [bi raʃīd] (Q11:97), [li ruqijjika] (Q17:93).
3) When [ra] is preceded by a consonant in the medial position (except sˁ, tˁ and q) and the consonant is preceded by a close vowel [i], the consonant in the middle does not affect the depharyngealization of the [r]. Table 3. Alra’āt in the seven Qira’at
Allamāt (the voiced alveolar laterals)
[l] is subject to velarization and develarization. Warsh alone velarizes [l] in the following cases:
1) When [l] is preceded by one of the following pharyngealized consonants: [sˁ, ðˁ or tˁ], it is velarized. However.
When [l] is followed by [sˁ, ðˁ or tˁ], it is develarized. Table 4. Allamāt in the seven Qira’at
However, when [l] is followed by a close back vowel [u], it is develarized as in [laðˁallu:], (Q30:51), and [tatˁluʕ] (Q18:90).
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