JURISPRUDENCE AND ITS ORIGIN
JURISPRUDENCE AND ITS ORIGIN
Abu Umaamah Iyaas ibn Tha`labah Al-Haarithi, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “’Whoever seizes the right of a Muslim by taking a false oath, Allah will condemn him to Hell and will forbid Paradise for him.’ One man asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something insignificant?’ He replied, ‘Yes, even if it is a twig of the Arak tree.’”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic
Brief explanation:
The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said that whoever seizes the right of a Muslim unlawfully by taking a false oath, Allah will condemn him to Hell and will forbid Paradise for him. A man asked: “Even if it was insignificant, O Messenger of Allah?” So the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Even if it is a stick of Siwak.”
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “A man from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, passed by a valley wherein was a little spring of fresh water. He was delighted by it and said to himself: ‘If I were to retreat from the people and settle in this valley; but I will not do this until I get the permission of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him.’ He mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, who said (to the man): ‘Do not do that, for the status of one of you who fights in Allah’s Cause is better for him than performing prayer in his house for seventy years. Do you not wish that Allah should forgive you and admit you to Paradise? Fight in the Cause of Allah, for he who fights in the Cause of Allah for a period of time equal to that between two milkings of a she-camel, will be surely admitted to Paradise.’ ”
Hadith Grade: Hasan/Sound.
Brief explanation:
A man from the companions of the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, was walking through a mountain pass and came across an area that had a small spring of fresh water, which he liked so much. He wanted to seclude himself from the people and live in that place to worship Allah and drink from that fresh water. Nevertheless, he, may Allah be pleased with him, remarked that he would not do this until he would seek the permission of Allah’s Messenger, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him. So, he mentioned that to the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, who forbade him to do so, because fighting in the Cause of Allah was due upon him, so withdrawing from the people for optional worship was regarded as a sin, because it entailed abandoning an obligatory act. Then the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The status of one of you who fights in Allah’s Cause is better then praying in his house for seventy years.” Meaning: Fighting in Allah’s cause is better than devoting oneself to prayer for seventy years. This is because the benefit of fighting in Allah’s Cause extends to all Muslims, while the benefit of prayer is restricted to the individual. “Do you not wish that Allah forgives you and admits you into Paradise?” Meaning: If you like that Allah forgives you and admits you into Paradise, then you have to fight in Allah’s Cause, with the intention of attaining the reward and while showing patience. Then the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, highlighted the virtue of fighting in Allah’s Cause by saying: “Whoever fights in Allah’s Cause for a period of time equal to that between two milkings of a she-camel, then he will surely enter Paradise.” Meaning: whoever participates in fighting in the Cause of Allah, in order to make Allah’s religion superior, even if it is a short period of time, he is guaranteed Paradise.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Beware of the two things that provoke cursing.” They said: “O Messenger of Allah! What are those two things which provoke cursing?” He said: “The one who relieves himself on people’s roads or under their shades.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Avoid the two things that provoke curse from people, for the one who does any of them is usually abused and reviled by others. These two things are: relieving oneself on the pathways used by people or in the shade, where they take shelter. A similar meaning occurs in the verse that reads: {And do not abuse those they invoke other than Allah, lest they abuse Allah in enmity without knowledge…} [Surat-ul-An‘aam: 108] In other words: Do not cause them to abuse Allah, the Almighty, by abusing their gods. Similarly, the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited that a man should abuse his father and mother. Thereupon, the Companions asked: “Would anyone abuse his own parents?” He said: “Yes. He abuses someone else’s father and that person retaliates by abusing his father and mother.” So it is as if he himself has cursed his own parents, because he was the reason behind it. “The one who relieves himself on people’s roads;” meaning: he urinates or defecates in the places where people walk and pass through. This is undoubtedly prohibited, regardless of whether it is done by a resident or a traveler, as it causes harm to the people. In the Quran, Allah, the Almighty, says: {And those who harm believing men and believing women for [something] other than what they have earned have certainly born upon themselves a slander and manifest sin.} [Surat-ul-Ahzaab: 58] If, however, a person relieves himself on a road not frequented by people, there is nothing wrong with that, given the lack of harm. “Or in their shade;” meaning: he relieves himself in the shade, where people take shelter and rest. There is nothing wrong, however, if one answers the call of nature in the shade in empty places that are not used or frequented by people, given the lack of harm. The Messenger, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, would sometimes relieve himself in the shade of a host of palm trees.
Hadith:
`A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, prayed wearing a striped garment and glanced at the stripes. When he had finished, he said: “Take this garment of mine to Abu Jahm and bring me his plain garment, because this one has distracted me from my prayer.” In another narration: “I was looking at the stripes while I was praying, so I fear that it will distract me.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Abu Jahm had gifted the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, an embellished colored garment. It was the Prophet’s good manners to accept gifts in appreciation of the giver’s thought. So he accepted the garment from Abu Jahm and prayed in it. As the garment was colored and embellished, it caught the Prophet’s eye and distracted him from concentrating fully on his prayer. He therefore asked someone to return it to Abu Jahm and asked in return a plain garment with no color or embellishment, in order to reassure and not upset him through the return of his gift.
Hadith:
Abu Sulayman, Maalik ibn al-Huwayrith, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: We came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, when we were young and of about the same age. We stayed with him for twenty nights. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, was merciful and compassionate; so, he realized our longing for our families. He asked us about our families whom we had left behind and we told him about them. Thereupon, he said: “Go back to your families and stay with them. Teach them (religion) and command them (to adhere to it), perform so-and-so prayer at so-and-so time, and when prayer becomes due, let one of you call the Adhan and let the oldest among you lead you in prayer.” Another version by al-Bukhari has this addition: “Pray as you saw me pray.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Maalik, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “We came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, when we were young and of about the same age.” That was in the Year of Delegations, 9 A.H. They were young men and they stayed with the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, for twenty nights. They came to him to learn the religion of Allah. Maalik said: “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, was merciful and compassionate; so, he realized our longing for our families. He asked us about our families whom we had left behind and we told him about them. Thereupon, he said: “Go back to your people and stay with them. Teach them (religion) and command them (to adhere to it), pray so-and-so prayer at so-and-so time, and when prayer becomes due, let one of you pronounce the Adhan and let the eldest among you lead you in prayer.” Another version by Al-Bukhari adds: “Pray as you saw me pray.” This indicates that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, was famous for his mercy and compassion. He was the most merciful and the most compassionate among people towards people. When he perceived their longing for their families and asked them about their people whom they had left behind and they informed him about them, he ordered them to return home. “And let the eldest among you lead you in prayer” points out that older one should take precedence when it comes to leading prayer. And by the way, this does not contradict the Prophet’s statement: “Let the best reciter of the Book of Allah among the people lead them in prayer.” This is because these young men came the Messenger, may Allah’s peace and blessings upon him, at the same time and apparently there was no significant difference between them in terms of the Qur’an’s recitation. Hence, he said: “And let the eldest among you lead you in prayer,” because they were equal, or almost equal, in reciting the Qur’an. If they were the same in terms of reciting the Qur’an, knowledge of the Sunnah, and making the Hijra, then the eldest among them should take precedence and lead the prayer. His statement “Pray as you saw me pray” confirms the fact that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, used to teach people their religion by words and deeds. For example, he taught the man who offered prayer hastily, saying: “When you get up to pray, perform ablution perfectly, stand facing the Qiblah, make Takbir, recite some of what you memorize of the Qur’an, and then bow down…” In the case of those young men, he chose to teach by deeds.
Hadith:
`Abdullah ibn `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “Al-`Abbaas ibn `Abdul-Muttalib sought permission from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, to spend the nights of Mina in Makkah to provide (the pilgrims with) water, and he permitted him.”
Hadith Grade Sahih/Authentic.:
Brief explanation:
Spending the nights of the 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah (Tashreeq Nights) at Mina is one of the obligatory acts of Hajj that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, observed. Indeed, staying at Mina on those nights and days is an act of obedience to Allah the Almighty and from the rites of Hajj. Since providing water for the pilgrims is one of the most favorable acts which draw the slave near to Allah, being a service offered to the pilgrims and guests of His House, the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, allowed his paternal uncle Al-`Abbaas to leave spending the night in Mina, because he was in charge of providing water for the pilgrims, which was a general benefit. This indicates that other people who are not in charge of similar tasks, and do not have a valid excuse are not entitled to this concession.
Hadith:
`Abdullah ibn `Abbaas, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “Sa`d ibn `Ubaadah sought a ruling from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, concerning a vow that was due upon his mother, who had died before she fulfilled it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Fulfill it on her behalf.'”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Sa`d’s mother had died and before fulfilling a vow that was due upon her. Her son Sa`d asked the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, whether he could fulfill it on her behalf, and the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessing be upon him, allowed him to do so.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I advise you to treat women kindly, for the woman was created from a rib, and the most crooked part of the rib is its uppermost part. If you try to straighten it, you will break it; and if you leave it, it will remain crooked, so treat women kindly.” Another narration reads: “A woman is like a rib: if you straighten her, you will break her, and if you enjoy her, you will enjoy her as she has some crookedness.” Another narration reads: “The woman was created from a rib and will not remain straight for you in any way. So if you enjoy her, you enjoy her as she has some crookedness. And if you try to straighten her, you will break her, and breaking her is divorcing her.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, conveys a message regarding how women should be treated. He reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, asked them to accept his advice that they should treat women in a kind and good manner. This is because women are characterized by some deficiency in their reason, religion, thinking, and all of their affairs, since they were created from a rib. To clarify, Allah created Adam, peace be upon him, from dust without father and mother. When Allah the Exalted willed to bring humanity out of Adam, He created his wife (Eve) from his bent rib. If a man wants to benefit from his bent rib, he has to benefit from it with its bending there. If he tried to straighten it, he would break it. Likewise, if a person wants to enjoy a woman, he has to enjoy her while crookedness remains in her and accept the benefits available. However, if he tries to straighten her, she will not be straightened and he will not be able to, because if she becomes straight in her religious matters, she will not be straight in the matters related to her nature. A woman will never behave exactly as her husband wishes. Rather, there must be cases of disagreement and negligence in addition to a sort of deficiency that already exists in her. Therefore, if you try to straighten her, you will break her, and breaking her is divorcing her. In other words, if you try to straighten her in the way you like, you will not be able to, and as a result you will get fed up with her and divorce her.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “A man bought a piece of land from another man, and the one who bought the land found in his land a jar containing gold. The one who bought the land said to the other: ‘Take your gold. I only bought the land; I did not buy the gold.’ The one who owned the land said: ‘I sold you the land along with everything in it.’ So they turned to a man seeking his judgment. The person they sought his judgment said to both of them: ‘Do you have any children?’ One of them said: ‘I have a son.’ The other said: ‘I have a daughter.’ He said: ‘Marry the boy to the girl, spend it on their living expenses and give charity.’”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, tells us that a man bought a piece of land from another man and the buyer found gold in it. Out of his strong religious prudence, he returned the gold to the seller because he bought the land, but not the gold. The seller also refused to take it out of his caution and religious prudence, and because he sold the land with everything in it. So, they sought legal settlement and they told the one who judged between them to send someone to take the gold and place it wherever he saw fit. The man refused but asked them if they had children. One of them said that he had a son and the other said he had a daughter. So, he suggested to them to marry the young man to the girl and to use some of the gold for their living expenses and to give some of it in charity.
Hadith:
Anas ibn Maalik, may Allah be pleased with him, reported in a Marfoo Hadith (directly attributed to the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him): “Be moderate in prostration, and let none of you spread his forearms on the ground like a dog.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, ordered that moderation should be observed in prostration, in such a way that the one praying adopts a good posture in prostration, with his hands on the ground and his forearms lifted and kept away from his sides. This is because such a posture indicates the energy and eagerness required in prayer, and also because this good posture allows all the prostrating organs to have their share in worship. He forbade spreading the forearms in prostration because it is evidence of laziness and boredom, and it also constitutes imitating the dog, which is an improper imitation.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “Two women from the Hudhayl tribe fought each other. One of them threw a stone at the other, killing her along with what was in her womb. They brought their case to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, who gave judgment that a male or female slave of the best quality should be given as blood money for her unborn child. He decided that the blood money of the killed woman should be paid by the other woman’s male relatives on the father’s side. He made her children and those who were with them among her heirs. Hamal ibn Maalik ibn an-Naabighah al-Hudhali said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! How should I be fined for one who has not drunk, eaten, spoken, or raised his voice with crying upon childbirth? Such an offense should be overlooked.’ Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Definitely, this man belongs to the diviners,’ given his use of rhymed phrases.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Two women, co-wives from the Hudhayl tribe fought each other. One of them threw a little stone that does not normally cause death at the other, but it killed her along with the fetus that she had in her womb. The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, judged that the blood money of the fetus is a male or female slave, whether the fetus was male or female, to be paid by the killer. Moreover, he judged that blood money was due for the killed woman, as the killing was semi-intentional, and that it should be paid by the killer’s male relatives on the father’s side, since their relationship is based upon mutual support and equity, and because the murder was unintentional. Since the blood money was an inheritance related to the killed woman, it was given to her children and other rightful inheritors. However, her male relatives on the father’s side were entitled to nothing thereof. Upon that, Hamal ibn an-Naabighah, the killer’s father, said: “O Messenger of Allah! How could we be obliged to pay blood money for one who died before birth, and he did not eat, drink, or make any utterance so that it could be known that he was alive!” He made this statement in an oratory rhymed style. The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings, apparently disliked this man’s statement, which implied his rejection of the Shar`i rulings and involved use of rhymed phrases resembling those employed by diviners as a means whereby they devour people’s wealth unlawfully.
Hadith:
Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “War is deception.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
This Hadith indicates the permissibility of using ploys and deception in the course of war with the disbelievers; because by doing so benefits are realized for Islam and the Muslims.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Yawning inside the prayer is from the devil, so if anyone of you yawns, let him suppress it as much as he can.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Yawning inside the prayer is from the devil, because it occurs when the body is heavy, relaxed, full of food, and when the person is feeling lax and sleepy. It is the devil who calls for giving the self whatever it desires and supplying it with abundant food and drink. Therefore, when someone who is offering the prayer begins to yawn, or feels like yawning, he should suppress it as much as possible, by shutting his lips and teeth tight. He should do this so that the devil would not accomplish his aim of distorting the image of the praying person, entering his mouth, and laughing at him. If he cannot suppress yawning, then he should place his hand over his mouth.
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Tasbeeh is for the men, and clapping is for the women.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The Hadith shows how a Muslim can draw the attention of others while s/he is in prayer, as mentioned in another version narrated by Muslim. If a Muslim is performing prayer, and something occurs and requires him to bring it to the attention of another person, such as notifying the Imam of a fault in the prayer, or seeing a blind person falling in a well, or someone seeking permission to enter, or the praying person wants to notify someone else of a particular matter – in all of these cases and similar situations, the man should make Tasbeeh (say: Subhana Allah) to make others understand what he wants to draw attention to. The woman, however, should clap if something occurred during her prayer and she wants to draw the attention to it by hitting one hand with the other in any way. This is to make sure that the prayer does not involve any irrelevant words, because prayer is the place where one is communicating with Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He. Therefore, Allah permitted using words pertaining to the type of the sayings said in prayer, i.e. Tasbeeh, when there is a need for one to talk during in it.
Hadith:
`Abdullaah ibn `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: ’Tayammum (dry ablution) is two strikes (of the earth): one strike for the face and one strike for the hands up to the elbows.’”
Hadith Grade: Da‘eef/Weak.
Brief explanation:
The noble Hadith explains the manner of Tayammum (dry ablution), and that it is basically two strikes of the earth; the face is wiped with the first one and the hands up to the elbows are wiped with the second one. This Hadith is weak. What is correct is that one strike is enough for the face and also the hands up to the wrist, according to the Hadith of `Ammaar ibn Yaasir, may Allah be pleased with him: “It would have been sufficient for you to do this with your hands.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
Hadith:
Abu Hurayrah and Jaabir, may Allah be pleased with them, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “War is deception.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The statement “War is deception” means that deceiving the enemy as part of war strategy is permissible in order to cause casualties among them while minimizing Muslim casualties. Deception in war is not dispraised in Islamic law because it is an essential requirement when planning for combat. Ibn al-Munayyir, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “A good war strategy that effectively fulfills its objective is the one based on deception and not merely confrontation. Confrontation alone is dangerous, whereas deception may lead to victory without the risk.” Treachery is not part of the deception meant here, since treachery comprises treacherously breaking agreements and covenants between the Muslims and Non-Muslims. Allah, the Exalted, said: {Then if you fear from a people some form of betrayal, throw [their treaty] back to them, [putting you] on equal terms. Indeed, Allah does not like traitors.} [Surat-ul-Anfaal: 58] This means that if there is a treaty between you, then inform them of its termination before hostilities so that you both be on equal conditions.
Hadith:
`A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, reported the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Fever is from the searing heat of Hell, so cool it off with water.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, informed us that fever is from the intense heat of Hellfire. So, the heat that the sick person experiences is from it. Therefore, he urged us to overcome such heat by water.
Hadith:
‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him and his father, narrated that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Goodness is attached to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection.” ‘Urwah al-Baariqi, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Goodness is attached to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection: (in terms of) reward and spoils of war.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
Horses are a source of goodness for the believer until the Day of Resurrection. There is a reward for preparing steeds of war to fight in the cause of Allah, and this a deferred reward that will be realized in the Hereafter. And there is an immediate reward in the spoils of war that the warrior earns from the possessions of the enemy.
Hadith:
‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Gold for gold is interest unless they are exchanged on the spot; silver for silver is interest unless they are exchanged on the spot; wheat for wheat is interest unless they are exchanged on the spot; and barley for barley is interest unless they are exchanged on the spot.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, clarified in this Hadith how to conduct a valid sale transaction in which the substance of exchange is susceptible to interest (Ribaa). The condition in selling gold for silver or silver for gold is that the exchange (Taqaabud) is made in one place and time before the two parties depart, expressed by the translation “on the spot’. Otherwise, the transaction is invalid because this is considered a money exchange, and such an exchange must be made on the spot in order to be valid. Similarly, for the one who sells wheat for barley or vice versa, it is a condition that they are exchanged on the spot before the two parties depart because there is a potential cause or reason (‘Illah) for prohibition, which is interest, if they parted before the exchange is made. If the two items are of the same kind, then it is a condition that they are exchanged on the spot and be of the same amount or value (Tamaathul/Musaawaah), such as gold for gold, even if the quality of gold is different. If they are of two different kinds but the ‘Illah is the same, then it is a condition that they are exchanged on the spot, but it is not a condition that they are of the same amount or value, such as gold in exchange for coins. If the ‘Illah is different or if the substance of exchange is not prone to Ribaa, then there are no conditions for the transaction. Deferment of exchange and difference in amount or value is permissible.
Hadith:
`A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, reported that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: ”Breastfeeding produces the same interdiction which childbirth produces.”
Hadith Grade: Sahih/Authentic.
Brief explanation:
The women whom a man is prohibited from marrying because of his blood relations with them, such as the mother and sister, are also prohibited to him through breastfeeding, such as the suckling mother (wet nurse) and suckling sister (who suckled from the same woman as him). Therefore, another Hadith reads: “Breastfeeding forbids (for marriage) what lineage (blood relations) forbids.” This is the case whether it’s on the wife’s side or on the husband’s side. All women whom a man is forbidden to marry because of kinship –like his sister, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt– are also forbidden for him to marry if he is related to them by breastfeeding. Likewise is the wife; just as she is forbidden to marry her son, brother, paternal uncle, and maternal uncle, she is also forbidden to marry them if they are related to her only through breastfeeding. Breastfeeding forbids marriage and establishes a Mahram status between the suckled infant and the opposite-sex children of the suckling mother. They are considered as relatives with regard to the lawfulness of looking freely at them (without having to lower his gaze), accompanying them in travel, and being alone with them in a place. However, the breastfeeding relation has no effect on other rulings, such as inheritance, the obligation to provide for each other, and the like. Also, the mentioned prohibition applies to the suckling mother, as her relatives are relatives of the suckled child, but the relatives of the suckled child, apart from his offspring, are not related to the suckling mother. None of the rulings applies to them.
Source: Encyclopedia of Translated Prophetic Hadiths
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John Doe
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John Doe
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