CONCLUSION
1) Quran has been read in seven modes of reading since the time of the prophet Muhammad.
2) The reason why it was read in seven modes of reading was because the phonological and semantic differences triggered by the differences in the Arabic dialects spoken at that time.
3) Phonological changes can either be in consonants or in vowels.
4) The major differences among the Qur’an reciters can be classified into: (i) differences in consonants, and (ii) differences in vowels.
5) Differences in consonants involve (i) assimilation, (ii) almutamāthilain (two adjacent sounds), (iii) tashīl alhamza (pronouncing the glottal stop between glottal stop and the glottal fricative), (iv) alibdal (substitution), (v) alqalb almakāni (metathesis), (vi) alnaql (the process of pronouncing the glottal stop [Ɂ] as an open vowel [a]), (vii) alta’āt (the voiceless alveolar plosive) [t]), (viii) alra’āt (the voiced alveolar trill [r] and the voiced alveolar tap [ɾ]), and (ix) allāmāt (the voiced alveolar laterals).
6) Differences in vowels include (i) alimālah (the deflection of particular vowels from the fathah towards the kasrah or alif towards the yaa’ sound), (ii) al-ishmām (the rounding of lips without any sound at the same time of producing the unrounded vowel), (iii) al-ikhtilās (the close vowel is reduced to mid-close vowel), (iv) alrawm (the process of lip gesture alluding to the vowel in the pause position with an extra short vowel [ɪ̆], [ă], or [ŭ]), (v) vowel lengthening, (vi) vowel elision, and (vii) vowel change.
Source: Phonological Features in Qiraat
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John Doe
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