FIQH 3.138: ACTIONS THAT VOID THE FAST
The actions that void the fast may be divided into two types:
1. those which void the fast and require that the day be made up later, and
2. those which void the fast and, in addition to being made up, also require an act of expiation.
Fiqh 3.138 a: Intentional eating or drinking
If one eats due to forgetfulness, a mistake, or coercion, then he does not have to make up the day later or perform any expiation. Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet said: “Whoever forgets he is fasting, and eats or drinks is to complete his fast, as it was Allah who fed him and gave him something to drink.” This is related by the group.
Commenting on it, at-Tirmizhi says: “Most of the scholars act according to this hadith. It is the opinion of Sufyan ath-Thauri, ash-Shafi’i, Ahrnad, and Ishaq.”
Abu Hanifah reported that the Prophet said: “Whoever breaks his fast during Ramadan due to forgetfulness is not to make up the day later or to perform any expiation.” This is related by ad-Daraqutni, al-Baihaqi, and al-Hakim, who says that it is sahih according to Muslim’s criterion. Ibn Hajr says that its chain is sahih.
Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Prophet said: “Allah will not hold anyone of this nation responsible for what is done in error, forgetfulness or under coercion.” This is recounted by Ibn Majah, at-Tabarani, and al-Hakim.
Fiqh 3.138 b: Fasting, intentional vomiting
If one is overcome and vomits unintentionally, he does not have to make up the day later on or perform the acts of expiation. Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, said: “Whoever is overcome and vomits is not to make up the day.” Whoever vomits intentionally must make up the day.” This is related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, at-Tirmizhi, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hibban, ad-Daraqutni, and al-Hakim. The latter called it sahih.
Of the report’s credibility, al-Khattabi says: “I do not know of any difference of opinion among the scholars on this point. If one vomits unintentionally he is not in need of making up the day, while one who vomits intentionally must make up the day later.”
Source: Fiqh us Sunnah
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