FIQH 2.9: MAKING UP THE MISSED SUNNAH OF ZUHR
‘Aishah reports that if the Prophet missed the four rak’at before zuhr, he would pray for them afterward. This is related by at-Tirmizhi who calls it hasan ghareeb. Ibn Majah records that she said: “If the Prophet missed the four rak’at before zuhr, he would pray them following the two rak’at after zuhr.”
The preceding is concerned with making up the sunnah prayers that one is to pray before zuhr. Concerning making up the two rak’at after zuhr, we have the following reports as recorded by Ahmad.
Umm Salamah says: “The Prophet prayed zuhr and then he received some wealth and he sat to distribute it [and continued to do so] until the mu’azhzhin made the adhan for ‘asr. He prayed ‘asr and came to me, as it was my day, and he prayed two quick rak’at. I said: ‘What are those two rak’at, O Messenger of Allah? Have you been ordered to perform them?’ He said: ‘No, they are the two rak’at that I perform after zuhr but I was busy distributing this wealth until the azhan was made for ‘asr and I hated to miss them.'” This is related by al-Bukhari, Muslim, and by Abu Dawud in somewhat different wording.
Fiqh 2.9 a: The sunnah of maghrib
It is sunnah to pray two rak’at after maghrib. Earlier we mentioned that Ibn ‘Umar narrated that the Prophet would not miss them. As to their content, it is preferred to recite, after al-Fatihah: “Say: O Disbelievers,” and “Say: He is Allah, the One,” in the sunnah prayer after salatul maghrib.
Ibn Mas’ud says: “I cannot count how many times I heard the Messenger of Allah recite, in the two rak’at after maghrib and in the two rak’at before fajr ‘Say: O disbelievers,’ and ‘Say: He is Allah, the One.” This is related by Ibn Majah and at-Tirmizhi. The later grades it hasan.
It is preferred to pray this sunnah prayer in one’s house. Mahmud ibn Labid reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam prayed maghrib with the tribe of ‘Abd al-Ashhal. After he made the taslim, he told them: “Perform these two rak’at in your houses.” This is related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi, and an-Nasa’i. We have already mentioned that the Prophet prayed them in his house.
Source: Fiqh us Sunnah
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