FIQH 1.90: THE TIMES IN WHICH THE PRAYERS ARE PROHIBITED
It is forbidden to pray after the morning prayer until the sunrise and from the sunrise until the sun has completely risen to the length of a spear above the horizon, and when the sun is at its meridian until it moves slightly to the west, and after the afternoon prayer until the sun sets. Abu Sa’eed reported that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, said, “There is no prayer after the morning prayer until the sun rises.” (Related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.) ‘Amr ibn ‘Abbas related that he said, “O Prophet of Allah, inform me about the prayers.” He said, “Pray the morning prayer and then abstain from prayer until sunrise and the sun has completely risen, for it rises between the horns of Satan. That is when the unbelievers prostrate to it. Then pray, as your prayer will be witnessed and attended to until the shadow of a spear becomes less than its length. At that time stop praying, for at that time the hell-fire is fed with fuel. When the shade comes, you may pray, for your prayer will be witnessed and attended (to by angels) until you pray the afternoon prayer. Then abstain from praying until the sun sets, for its sets between the horns of Satan, and that is when the unbelievers make prostrations to it.” (Related by Ahmad and Muslim.)
Said ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amr, “There are three times during which the Prophet prohibited us from praying or burying our deceased: sunrise until the sun has risen (some distance), when the sun is at its meridian, and when the sun is setting until it has completely set.” (Related by “the group,” except for al-Bukhari.)
Fiqh 1.90 a: Opinions of the Jurists Concerning Prayer After the Morning and Night Prayers
Most scholars agree that one can make up missed prayers after the morning or afternoon prayers. This is based on the Prophet’s words, “If someone forgets the prayer, he should pray it when he remembers it.” (Related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.)
Concerning voluntary prayers, the following companions disliked such prayers during those times: ‘Ali, Ibn Mas’ud, Abu Hurairah and Ibn ‘Umar. ‘Umar used to beat those who offered two rak’ah after the afternoon prayers (in the presence of other companions), and was not rebuked. Khalid ibn al-Waleed also used to do this. Those tabi’een who disliked such prayers were al-Hassan and Sa’eed ibn al-Musayyab. Abu Hanifah and Malik also hated such prayers. Ash-Sahf i reasoned that prayers at such times are allowable if the person has a reason for that prayer (the prayer of salutation to the mosque, or the prayers after one performs the ablution, and so on). He uses as a proof the fact that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, prayed the two noon sunnah rak’ah after the afternoon prayers. The Hanbaliyyah say that it is forbidden to pray during such times even if one has a reason to do so, except in the case of the two rak’ah for the circumambulation of the Ka’bah. This is based on the hadith from Jabir ibn Mut’am that the Prophet said, “O tribe of ‘Abd Manat, do not prevent anyone from circumambulating this house (the Ka’bah) or from praying therein at any time they wish.”
As to the authenticity of the report, it is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa’i, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah. At-Tirmizhi and Ibn Khuzaimah called it sahih.
Source: Fiqh us Sunnah
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