FIQH 1.104: THE ADHAN AND IQAMAH FOR THOSE WHO MISSED THE PROPER TIME OF PRAYER
One who sleeps through the time of a prayer or who forgets a prayer may make adhan and iqamah when he desires to pray. In a story recorded by Abu Dawud, when the Prophet, upon whom be peace, and his companions slept through the time of the morning prayer, he ordered Bilal to make the adhan and iqamah for the prayer. If one has missed many prayers, it is preferred to make one azhan at the beginning followed by an iqamah for each prayer. Says al-‘Athram, “I heard Abu ‘Abdullah (Ahmad) being asked what a man who had missed a prayer should do about the azhan. He mentioned the hadith of Hushaim from Abu az-Zubair…that the idol-worshippers kept the Prophet busy during four of his prayers during the Battle of the Clans. When part of the night had passed, he ordered Bilal to make the adhan and the iqamah and they prayed the afternoon, sunset, and night prayers in succession, each time followed by the iqamah.
Fiqh 1.104 a: The Adhan and Iqamah for Women
Said Ibn ‘Umar, “There is no adhan or iqamah for women.” (Related by al-Baihaqi with a sahih chain.) This was the opinion of Anas, al-Hassan, Ibn Sireen, an-Nakha’i, al-Thauri, Malik, Abu Thaur and the people of “juristic reasoning.” Ash-Shaifi, Ishaq and Ahmad said if they make the iqamah and adhan, there is no problem. It is related from ‘Aishah that she would make the adhan and iqamah and lead the women in prayer, standing in the middle of the row. (Related by al-Baihaqi.)
Source: Fiqh us Sunnah
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