CHAPTER 58 : THE OBLIGATION OF FAST OF RAMADAN IN THE SECOND YEAR PRIOR TO THE BATTLE OF BADR
THE OBLIGATION OF FAST OF RAMADAN IN THE SECOND YEAR PRIOR TO THE BATTLE OF BADR
Allah says: “O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious – see V.2:2). [Observing Saum (fasts)] for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him. And that you fast, it is better for you if only you know. The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days. (Al-Baqarah [2]:183-185)
Imam Ahmad related that Mu’adh Ibn Jabal said: The prayer was transmuted in three situations and the fasting was also transmuted in three situations. Then he mentioned the situations of prayer. Then he said: “As for the situations of fasting, when Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) arrived at Madinah, he used to fast three days in every month. Then he fasted Ashoora’. Thereafter Allah made fasting obligatory upon him when He revealed: “O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you.” (Al-Baqarah [2]:183) up to His statement: “And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).” (Al-Baqarah [2]:184) It used be that whoever wished fasted and whoever wished fed the poor and Allah permitted that for them. Then Allah revealed the other verse: “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an,” (Al-Baqarah [2]:185) up to His statement: “So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month.” (Al-Baqarah [2]:185) Thus the fasting of that month becomes obligatory upon the resident and the healthy and concession was provided for the ill and the one on a journey. Feeding in lieu of fasting was established for the elderly who is unable to fast.
These are the two situations.
He added: They were permitted to eat, drink and have sexual relation with their wives as long as they did not sleep. But if they slept, then they were to refrain. A man from the Ansar called Sirmah used work while fasting till nightfall. One day, he came back to his wife, offered the Isha’ prayer and then he slept without eating or drinking anything (to break the days’s fats) until daybreak. So he began the day’s fast like that. Thereafter Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) saw him extremely exhausted and he asked: “Why do you appear extremely exhausted?” Then the man informed him of his situation. Added to that, Umar had had relationship with his wife after he had slept so he came to mention the incident to the Messenger of Allah and then Allah revealed another verse:
“It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of As-Saum (the fasts),” (Al-Baqarah [2]:187) up to “..then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall.” (Al-Baqarah [2]:187)
By Ibn Katheer
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