CHAPTER 52: THE BOOK OF MILITARY EXPEDITION
THE BOOK OF MILITARY EXPEDITION
Imam Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar said in his book of history after mentioning the Rabbis of the Jews and their pedigrees as well as their enmity toward Islam and its adherents and what was revealed concerning them in the verses of the Qur’an. Among them was Huyayy Ibn Akhtab and his two brothers, Yasir and Juday as well as Sallam Ibn Mishkam, Kinanah Ibn ar-Rabee’ Ibn Abil-Huqaiq, Sallam Ibn Abil-Huqaiq, etc.
From the Banu Tha’labah Ibn Fityawn was Abdullah Ibn Sooriya. Throughout the Arabian Peninsula, no one had more knowledge of the Tawrah than him. I (the author) said: It was said that he accepted Islam along with Ibn Salooba and Mukhaireeq who accepted Islam on the Day of the Battle of Uhud as shall be related shortly. He was the Rabbi of his people.
From the Banu Qainuqa’ were Zaid Ibn Al-Lusait, Sa’d Ibn Hunaif, Mahmood Ibn Saihaan, Uzaiz Ibn Abi Uzaiz, Abdullah Ibn Saif, Suwaid Ibn Al-Harith, Rifa’ah Ibn Qais, Finhas, Ashya’ and Nu’man Ibn Ada’, etc.
Ibn Ishaq added: From Quraizah were Az-Zubair Ibn Bataa Ibn Wahb, Azzal Ibn Shamweel, Ka’b Ibn Asad who was the bearer of their pact which they repudiated in the year of Ahzab, Shamweel Ibn Zaid, Jabal Ibn Amr Ibn Sukainah etc.
From Banu Zuraiq was Labeed Ibn A’sam who casted a spell on the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) From the Jews of Banu Harithah was Kinanah Ibn Sooriya. From the Jews of Banu Amr Ibn ‘Awf was Qardam Ibn Amr. From the Jews of Banu An-Najjar was Silsilah Ibn Barham.
Ibn Ishaq added: All of these personalities were the Jewish Rabbis and the arrow heads of evil and enmity toward the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and his Companions, Allah be pleased with them all. They were also the questioning lots who were profuse in their putting questions to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) in their obstinacy, intransigence and disbelief. They were also the ones who made the most strenuous efforts at exterminating Islam with the exception of Abdullah Ibn Salaam and Mukhaireeq.
Then he mentioned the acceptance of Islam of Abdullah Ibn Salaam and that of his aunt Khalidah as mentioned earlier on. He also mentioned the acceptance of Islam of Mukhaireeq on the Day of Uhud as shall be mentioned in due course; and that he said to his people on the day of Sabbath: “O company of Jews, by Allah, you are aware that the victory of Muhammad over you will come to pass.” They responded: “Today is Sabbath.” He said: “There is no Sabbath for you.” Then he held his weapon and went out. He entered into an agreement with his followers among his people saying: “If I am killed today, my wealth should be turned over to Muhammad and he may dispose it in a manner deemed fit by Allah.” He was a man of considerable wealth. So he joined the battle alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and fought relentlessly until he was killed, Allah be pleased with him. It has been related to me that the Messenger used to say concerning him: “Mukhaireeq was the best of the Jews.”
Then Ibn Ishaq mentioned those who inclined toward these Jewish adversaries among the hypocrites of Aws and Khazraj. From the Aws were Zuwayy Ibn Al-Harith and Julas Ibn Suwaid Ibn as-Samit Al-Ansari. The following verse was revealed concerning him:
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (bad), but really they said the word of disbelief, and they disbelieved after accepting Islam.” (At-Tawbah [9]:74) in response to his statement when he lagged behind from the Battle of Tabook: “If this man is truly (a Messenger) then we are in a worse situation than donkeys.” His step son, Umair Ibn Sa’d overheard and exposed him to the Messenger of Allah. Al-Julas disputed and swore that he never made such a statement and that verse came down concerning him.
It is claimed that he repented so sincerely that he became well known for his Islam and righteousness. His brother, Al-Harith IbnSuwaid was the one who killed Al-Mujadhdhar Ibn Dhiyaad Al-Balawi and Qais Ibn Zaid from Banu Dubai‘ah on the Day of the battle of Uhud. He marched forth alongside the Muslims while he was a
hypocrite. When the two armies met, he attacked and killed the two Muslims then went over to join the Quraish.
Ibn Hisham related that Al-Mujadhdhar had killed his father, Suwaid Ibn Samit in one of the battles fought between them during the period of Jahiliyyah so he avenged the death of his father against him in the Battle of Uhud.
This how Ibn Hisham has related it meanwhile Ibn Ishaq had mentioned that the killer of Suwaid Ibn Samit was Mu’adh Ibn ‘Afraa’ who killed him outside the field of battle before the occurrence the Battle of Bu‘ath. He shot and killed him with an arrow. However, Ibn Hisham objects that Al-Harith be blamed for the killing of Qais Ibn Zaid for, according to him, Ibn Ishaq himself did not count him among the casualties of the battle of Uhud.
Ibn Ishaq related: Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) had ordered Umar Ibn Al-Khattab to kill him whenever he is captured. Al-Harith later sent a message to his brother, Julas requesting him to seek penitence for him so that he may return to his people. Then Allah revealed concerning that, according to what was related to me from Ibn ‘Abbas: “How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their belief and after they bore witness that the Messenger (Muhammad) is true and after clear proofs had come unto them? And Allah guides not the people who are Zalimoon (polytheists and wrong-doers).” (Aal ‘Imran [3]:86) till the end of the story.
He added: Among them were Bijad Ibn Uthman Ibn Amir and Nabtal Ibn Al-Harith who was the same person about whom Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever wishes to see Shaytan should have a look at this (person).” He was a bulky man with extremely dark-red skinned, rough haired with
reddish eyes. He used to hear words from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and then he would relate it to the hypocrites. He was the same person who said: “Verily, Muhammad is all ears, he believes whatever anyone tells him.” then Allah revealed:
“And among them are men who hurt the Prophet (Muhammad) and
say: “He is (lending his) ear (to every news).” (At-Tawbah [9]:61)
He added: Among them were Abu Habeebah Ibn Al-Az’ar who was among those who built the Masjid Ad-Dirar as well as Tha’labah Ibn Hatib and Mu’attib Ibn Qushair both of whom were the duo who gave a pledge to Allah that: “If He bestowed on us of His Bounty, we will verily, give Sadaqah (Zakah and voluntary charity in Allah’s Cause) (At-Tawbah [9]:75) and then they reneged on their pledge and that verse was revealed concerning them. Mu’attib was the same person who said on the day of the battle of Uhud: “If we had anything to do with the affair, none of us would have been killed here.” Then Allah revealed the verse concerning it: “Even if you had remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed would certainly have gone forth to the place of their death,” He was the same person who said on the Day of Ahzab: “Muhammad is promising that we will obtain the treasure of Kisra and Qaisar while each one of us do not even feel safe going to the toilet.” Then Allah revealed concerning him:
“And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease (of doubts) said: “Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusions!” (Al-Ahzab [33]:12)
Ibn Ishaq added: Among the Khazraj were Rafi’ Ibn Wadee’ah, Zaid Ibn Amr, Amr Ibn Qais, Qais Ibn Amr Ibn Sahl, Al-Jadd Ibn Qais who was the same person who said: “Grant me leave (to be exempted from Jihad) and put me not into trial.” (At-Tawbah [9]:49), Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salool who was the same person who said: “If we return to Al-Madinah, indeed the more honorable (‘Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salool, the chief of hypocrites at Al-Madinah) will expel there from the meaner (i.e. Allah’s Messenger).” (Al-Munaafiqoon [63]:8). Considerable number of verses of the Qur’an had been revealed concerning him. It was concerning him and the trustee of the man from Banu ‘Awf as well as concerning Malik Ibn Abi Qawqal, Suwaid and Da’is among his cohorts that Allah revealed: “Surely, if they (the Jews) are expelled, never will they (hypocrites) go out with them.” (Al-Hashr [59]:12) when they inclined secretly toward Banu an-Nadeer.
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