CHAPTER 51: THE LEGISLATION OF ADHAN (THE CALL TO PRAYER) UPON THE ARRIVAL OF THE PROPHET IN MADINAH
THE LEGISLATION OF ADHAN (THE CALL TO PRAYER) UPON THE ARRIVAL OF THE PROPHET IN MADINAH
Ibn Ishaq said: when the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) settled down in Madinah and his brethren among the emigrants had joined him and the affairs of the Ansar became settled and the authority of Al-Islam was founded, the prayer was established, Zakah and Fasting were enjoined, laws were promulgated, halal and haram were ordained and Islam held sway before their eyes. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) arrived at Madinah, people used to assemble for the prayer, and used to guess the time for it. Then Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) decided to introduce a trumpet like that of the Jews which they used to gather adherents to their own worship then he detested the idea. He requested for a bell which will be beaten to announce the time of Salat to the Muslims. While they were still deliberating on that Abdullah Ibn Zaid Ibn Tha’labah Ibn Abd Rabbihi who was paired with Bal-Harith Ibn Al-Khazraj had a dream in which he was taught the call to prayer. He came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and said: “I was visited (in my dream) by a visitor. I saw a man in two green pieces of cloth with a bell in his hand. I said to him: “O servant of Allah, do you sell this bell?” He asked: “What do you intend to do with it?” and I said: “I will call the people to the prayer with it.” Then he said: “Shouldn’t I direct you to that which is better than that?” I asked, “What is that?” and he said: “Say Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, Ash’hadu an la ilaha illallah, Ashhadu anna Muhammadar Rasoolullah, Ashhadu anna Muhammadar Rasoolullah. Hayya alas-Salah, Hayya alas-Salah, Hayya alal-Falah, Hayya alal-Falah, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilaha illallah (Allah is Greatest, Allah is Greatest, Allah is Greatest, Allah is Greatest, I bear witness that none deserves to be worshipped (in
truth) except Allah, I bear witness that none deserves to be worshipped (in truth) except Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Come to Salat, come to Salat. Come to success, come to success, Allah is Greatest, Allah is Greatest. None deserves to be worshipped (in truth) except Allah)
When he informed the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him), he said: “It is a true vision, by the wish of Allah, teach Bilal the words so that he may call to the prayer by it for his voice is louder than yours. When Bilal called to the prayer by those words, Umar heard it while he was in his house, he rushed out to meet the Messenger of Allah while dragging his upper garment. When he got to him he said: “O Prophet of Allah, I swear by Him Who has sent you with the Truth, I have also seen something similar to what he has seen.” The Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) of Allah said: “Praise be to Allah.” This Hadith has also been related by Abu Dawood, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Ibn Khuzaimah from different routes.
EXPEDITION OF HAMZAH IBN ABDUL-MUTTALIB
Ibn Jareer related: Al-Waqidi claimed that in the month of Ramadan exactly seven months after his Hijrah, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) handed over a white flag to Hamzah Ibn Abdul-Muttalib to lead thirty men in a military expedition to intercept the caravans of the Quraish and that Hamzah met Aba Jahl at the head of three hundred of the Quraish, but the honor of Ibn Amr restrained them and there was no fighting between the two groups. He added that the standard bearer of Hamzah in the expedition was Abu Marthaid Al-Ghanawi.
THE EXPEDITION OF UBAIDAH IBN AL-HARITH IBN ABDUL-MUTTALIB
Ibn Jareer related: Al-Waqidi also claimed that in the eight (month of hijrah) same year, the Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) gave a white battle flag to Ubaidah Ibn Al-Harith and commanded him to march to the centre of Rabigh. His standard was held by Mistah Ibn Uthathah. When they reached Thaniyyat Al-Marah close to Juhfah at the head sixty men of the emigrants, there was no Ansari man amongst them, they met the polytheists by the water source called Ahyaa. An exchange of arrows ensued between them but there was no sword fighting. Al-Waqidi said: The
polytheists numbered two hundred headed by Abu Sufyan Sakhr Ibn Harb and that is a confirmed report in our perception too but some also claim that they were headed by Mikraz Ibn Hafs.
EXPEDITION OF SA’D IBN ABI WAQQAS
Al-Waqidi related: In Dhul-Qa’dah of the same year, i.e. the first year (of Hijrah), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) sent Sa’d Ibn Abi Waqqas on a military expedition to Kharrar with a white flag held by Miqdad Ibn Al-Aswad. Abu Bakr Ibn Isma‘eel narrated to me through his father from Amir Ibn Sa’d reporting that his father said: “I marched out at the head of twenty men on our feet, or he said twenty one men. We would hide by day time and march forth by night until we arrived at Kharrar in the early morning of the fifth day. Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) had taken a covenant from me never to go beyond Kharrar. Meanwhile, the sixty caravans had preceded me a day before my arrival.” All of those who were with Sa’d (in that expedition) were from the emigrants.
EVENTS OF THE SECOND YEAR OF HIJRAH
Several battles and expeditions occurred in this year. Among the most significant of those battles was the great battle of Badr which occurred in the month of Ramadan. With that battle, Allah made a distinction between the Truth and falsehood, between guidance and misguidance. Here, we relate about the battles and military forays and Allah is the Source of help.
By Ibn Katheer
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