CHAPTER 46: ESTABLISHMENT OF A PACT OF BROTHERHOOD BETWEEN THE MUHAJIROON AND THE ANSAR
ESTABLISHMENT OF A PACT OF BROTHERHOOD BETWEEN THE MUHAJIROON AND THE ANSAR
In Madinah, there were some groups of Jews from Banu Qainuqa’, Banu Nadeer, Banu Quraizah who had came to the Arabian Peninsula well before the Ansar during the wars of Bukhtnassar when Palestine was inundated from what was mentioned by At-Tabari. When the Sail Al-’Arim (flood released from the dam) occurred, the people of Saba’ dispersed in different directions. Al-‘Aws and Khazraj arrived Madinah among the Jews with whom they entered into an alliance. They became assimilated to them when they saw that they had an edge over them owing to the knowledge transmitted from the Prophets. However, Allah bestowed favor upon the polytheists of Madinah through the guidance and Islam which they accepted. Meanwhile, the Jews refused owing to their envy, transgression and arrogance against the Truth.
Imam Ahmad related that Anas Ibn Malik said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) formed an alliance between the Muhajiroon and the Ansar in the house of Anas Ibn Malik.
In Saheeh Muslim, Jabir narrated: Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) made it obligatory for every tribe (the payment) of blood-wit.”
Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) wrote a document between the Muhajiroon and the Ansar in which he made a agreement with the Jews and let them deal with their religion and wealth as they deem. He equally spelt out the mutual obligations.
In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful. This is a document from Muhammad the unlettered Prophet (governing the relations) between the believers and Muslims of Quraish and Yathrib and those who have followed and striven with them. They are one community with the exclusion of other people. The Muhajiroon of the Quraish based on their current state (with which they had been wen Islam came) shall pay the blood money within themselves and shall ransom their prisoners on reasonable (terms) and with justice among believers. Banu ‘Awf according to their current state shall pay the blood money they used to pay at first (before Islam) and every section shall ransom their prisoners according to reasonable terms and with justice among believers.
(Then he mentioned every clan and house from the clans of the Ansar). Banu Al-Harith according to their current state shall pay the blood money they used to pay at first and every section shall ransom their prisoners according to reasonable terms and with justice among believers. Banu Sa’idah according to their current state and Banu Jusham as well as Banu An-Najjar and Banu Amr Ibn ‘Awf and Banu Nabeet up to when he said:
Verily the believers shall not leave any destitute person among them without paying his ransom money or blood money on reasonable terms. A believer shall not make a pledge with the ally of another believer against him. Whoever is rebellious and whoever seeks to spread injustice, sin, aggression, or corruption between the believers, the hand of every believer who fears Allah shall be against him even if he be his child.
A Believer shall not kill another Believer for the sake of a disbeliever, nor shall he support a disbeliever against a Believer. The protection of Allah is one and is extended to the least of them I status. The believers are friends and protector of one another to the exclusion of other people.
Whosoever follows us among the Jews, for him shall be help and sympathy. They shall not be dealt with unjustly nor shall anyone be aided against them. The Jews shall share in the expenses of war as long as they fight alongside the Muslims. The Jews of Banu ‘Awf are one community with the believers. To the believers belong their religion and to the Jews belong their religion allies and persons except those who perpetrate injustice and sinfulness and such a person hurts no one except themselves and their families. For the Jews of Bani Najjar, Banu Al-Harith, Banu Sa’idah and Banu Ju’sham, Banu Al-Aws, Banu Tha’labah, Jufnah and Banu Shateebah is something similar to that of Banu ‘Awf. The entourage of the Jews is like themselves, none of them will go out for war except with the permission of Muhammad but he shall not be hampered from avenging for a wound. He who kills a man is like he had killed himself and his family except one who has been wronged for Allah will accept that.
The Jews shall bear their own expenses and the Muslims shall bear their own expenses as well. Each must help the other against anyone who fights against the people of this pact. They must seek mutual advice and consultation, righteousness as opposed to sin. A man is not responsible for his ally’s misdemeanor. The wronged must be helped. Verily, Yathrib is a sacred precinct for the people of this pact.
Ibn Katheer
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