CHAPTER 34: COMMENCEMENT OF THE MIGRATION TO MADINAH
COMMENCEMENT OF THE MIGRATION TO MADINAH
Az-Zuhri narrated from ‘Urwah Ibn Zubair that ‘A’ishah said: Allah’s Messenger said to the Muslims and at that time when he was in Makkah: “I have been shown the land of your migration. I saw a virgin land sufficed with date-palm trees between the two mountains.” Those who migrated went toward Madinah when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said that. Some of the Muslims who had migrated to Abyssinia also returned to Madinah.” Related by Al-Bukhari.
Abu Moosa also narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “I saw in a dream that I was migrating from Makkah to a land where there were date-palm trees. I thought that it might be the land of Al-Yamamah or Hajar, but behold, it turned out to be the city of Yathrib (i.e. Madinah).”
Ibn Ishaq related: when Allah, the Most High, permitted fighting in the following Verse: “Permission to fight is given to those (i.e. Believers against disbelievers), who are fighting them, (and) because they (Believers) have been wronged, and surely, Allah is Able to give them (Believers) victory. Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly only because they said: ‘Our Lord is Allah’.” (Soorah Al-Hajj 22: 30, 40)
With this permission from Allah to fight and the pledge given by the delegates of the Ansar to uphold Islam and aid him and those who follow him and to accommodate those who come to them among the Muslims, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered his Companions among the Muhajiroon of his people
and those who were with him in Makkah among the Muslims to depart for Madinah and to migrate and meet their brothers among the Ansar. Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Allah has made for you brothers and a land in which you will live in security.” They departed in throngs one after the other while Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, remained in Makkah awaiting the permission of his Lord to also to leave Makkah and migrate to Madinah.
The first of those who migrated to Madinah, among the Companions of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from the Muhajiroon of the Quraish, were Abu Salamah ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abdul-Asad Ibn Hilal Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn Umar Ibn Makhzoom from Banu Makhzoom. His migration took place a year before the pledge of ‘Aqabah when the Quraish tyrannized him upon his return from his initial migration to Abyssinia. He decided to return to Abyssinia when he heard that there are some brothers in Madinah so he changed his course to Madinah.
Ibn Ishaq related said that thereafter, among the Muhajiroon, the person who arrived Madinah after Abu Salamah was ‘Amir Ibn Rabee‘ah, an ally of Banu ‘Adiyy, along with his wife, Laila Bint Abi Hathmah Al-Adawiyyah. After ‘Amir, ‘Abdullah Ibn Jahsh Ibn Riyab Ibn Ya’mar Ibn Sabirah Ibn Murrah Ibn Katheer Ibn Ghanm Ibn Doodan Ibn Asad Ibn Khuzaimah, an ally of Banu Umayyah Ibn ‘Abd Shams also followed along with his family and brother, ‘Abd Abu Ahmad. His name was ‘Abd as mentioned by Ibn Ishaq. It also said that his name was Thumamah. As-Suhailee said: the first opinion is more correct.
Abu Ahmad was a blind man but he would tour both the upper and lower part of Makkah without a guide. He was also a poet. His wife was Al-Fari‘ah Bint Abi Sufyan Ibn Harb. His mother was Umaimah Bint ‘Abdul-Muttalib Ibn Hashim. So the entire house of Banu Jahsh became desolate and bolted due to the migration. Once, ‘Utbah Ibn
Rabee‘ah, Al-‘Abbas Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib and Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham passed by the house while they were climbing toward the upper section of Makkah. ‘Utbah checked the doors of the house and found it desolate. At this, ‘Utbah sighed heavily.
Ibn Ishaq related: Thereafter, ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab and ‘Ayyash Ibn Abi Rabee‘ah set out (in migration) until they arrived Madinah. Nafi‘ narrated to me from ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar that his father said: “When I wanted to migrate to Madinah, I, ‘Ayyash Ibn Rabee‘ah and Hisham Ibn Al-‘As made a mutual agreement to meet at the water drain of Banu Ghifar. We said: ‘Whoever of us is not by the place in the morning will be considered to have been detained by his people. So the rest should proceed.’ Myself and ‘Ayyash met at the agreed spot the next morning and Hisham was detained and was severely tortured to abandon his religion.
When we arrived at Madinah, we stayed with the Banu ‘Amr Ibn ‘Awf at Quba. Meanwhile, Abu Jahl and Al-Harith Ibn Hisham also set out for Madinah in trail for ‘Ayyash who was their cousin and their brother from the mother’s side. Both of them arrived at Madinah and all the while Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was still in Makkah. They met him and addressed him thus: “Your mother has made a vow not to comb her hair until she sees you. She has also vowed not seek shade from the sun until she sees you, so have mercy on her.” I said to him: “By Allah, these people merely want to deceive you from your religion, beware of them. If
lice afflict your mother, by Allah she will comb her hair and if the heat of Makkah becomes unbearable for her, she will seek shade.” He said: “I will redeem my mother’s oath and I will take my wealth which I left behind.” I said to him: “By Allah, you know that I am one of the richest of the Quraish, I will give you half of my wealth, so do not go with them.” He insisted on going with them. When I saw his insistence, I said to him: “If you are bent on your decision, here, take my camel, it is excellent and obedient, adhere to its back, if you feel suspicious of these people, escape on its back.” So he departed on the camel with the other two men until they traveled over a distance, then Abu Jahl said to him: “My brother, by Allah, I have exhausted my camel, do you mind me riding behind you on your camel?” ‘Ayyash said: “Why not.” So he goaded the camel to sit so that he may climb its back. When the camel lowered itself, they attacked him and bound him with a string and they entered Makkah in this manner. They tortured him so much that he was forced to recant his faith.
‘Umar said: “We used to say that: ‘Allah will not accept the repentance of those who were forced to recant their faith and they also used to say that about themselves until Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, arrived in Madinah and Allah revealed: “Say: ‘O ‘Ibadi (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah (SWT), verily Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. And turn in repentance and in obedience with true Faith (Islamic Monotheism) to your Lord and submit to Him, (in Islam), before the torment comes upon you, then you will not be helped. And follow the best of that which is sent down to you from your Lord (i.e. this Qur’an, do what it orders you to do and keep away from what it forbids), before the torment comes on you suddenly while you perceive not’!” (Soorah Az-Zumar 39:53-55)
‘Umar added: I wrote these Verses (in a letter) and sent it to Hisham Ibn Al-‘As. Hisham said: “when the letter reached me, I kept reading it at Dhu Tuwa (a valley close to Makkah). I ascended and descended yet I did not understand the import of the Verses. Finally, I prayed: “O Allah grant me its understanding.” Then Allah made it occurred to my mind that that it was revealed concerning us and concerning what we used to say about ourselves and what people say about us. I returned to my camel, sat on it and I went to meet Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Madinah.
Ibn Hisham mentioned that it was Al-Waleed Ibn Al-Mugheerah who brought Hisham Ibn Al-‘As and ‘Ayyash Ibn Abu Rabee‘ah to Madinah. He kidnapped them from Makkah and he arrived in Madinah carrying them on his camel while he was walking along with them.
Al-Bukhari related from Al-Bara’ that the first person to come to us (in Madinah) was Mus‘ab Ibn ‘Umair and Ibn Umm Maktoom and thereafter came ‘Ammar and Bilal.
Al-Bara’ Ibn ‘Azib narrated: Mus‘ab Ibn ‘Umair and Ibn Umm Maktoom were the first to arrive in Madinah and they used to teach people the Qur’an. Then there came Bilal, Sa‘d and Ammar Ibn Yasir. Thereafter, ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab came along with twenty other Companions of the Messenger of Allah. Later on, the Messenger of Allah himself came (to Madinah) and I had never seen the people of Madinah so joyful as they were on the arrival of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for even the slave girls were saying, “Allah’s Messenger has arrived!” And before his arrival I had read the Surah starting with: “Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High” (Surah Al-A‘la 87:1) together with other Surahs of Al-Mufassal.
Ibn Ishaq related: Thereafter, the Muhajiroon followed one after the other. May Allah be pleased with them all. Talhah Ibn ‘Ubaidullah and Suhaib Ibn Sinan stayed with Khubaib Ibn ’Isaf, the brother of Bal-Harith Ibn Al-Khazraj at a place called Sunah. It is also claimed that Talhah stayed with Asad Ibn Zurarah.
Ibn Hisham related: it was narrated to me that Abu ‘Uthman An-Nahdi said: it reached me that when Suhaib intended to migrate, the polytheists of the Quraish said to him: “you came to our midst while you were poor and wretched and your wealth grew while you were with us and you attained such status that you have attained and then you want to leave us with all your wealth? By Allah, that will never happen!” Suhaib asked them: “If I hand over to you all my wealth, would you let me go?” They replied in affirmation. Suhaib said: “I have given you all of my wealth.” When news of Suhaib’s action reached the Messenger of Allah, he said: “Suhaib has profited! Suhaib has profited!!”
By Ibn Katheer
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