CHAPTER 3: THE PROHET AT THE AGE OF FOURTEEN
Ibn Hisham said, “When the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) reached fourteen or fifteen years of age, according to what I was told by Abu ‘Ubaidah An-Nahwi, who reported on the authority of Abu ‘Amr Ibn Al-‘Ala`, the Sacrilegious War sprang up between Quraish and their supporters from Kinanah, and Qais ‘Ailan. The cause of it was that ‘Urwah Ar-Rahhal Ibn ‘Utbah Ibn Ja‘afar Ibn Kilab Ibn Rabee‘ah Ibn ‘Amir Ibn Sa‘sa‘ah Ibn Mu‘awiyah Ibn Bakr Ibn Hawazin granted protection to some trade goods belonging to An-Nu‘man Ibn Al-Mundhir. Al-Barrad Ibn Qais, who belonged to Banu Damrah Ibn Bakr Ibn ‘Abd Manat Ibn Kinanah, said, ‘Do you protect them against Kinanah?’ ‘Urwah replied, ‘Yes, and against all mankind.’ So ‘Urwah set out with the caravan and Al-Barrad also set out, hoping to catch him unawares. He followed the caravan until it reached Taiman Dhee Zillal, at Al-‘Aliyah and catching ‘Urwah unawares, he attacked him and killed him in a sacred month. For this reason, the war became known as the Sacrilegious War. Al-Barrad said regarding it (Al-Bahrul-Wafir),
I raised my hand to him at Dhee Zilal,
And he fell down and lay stunned,
Like a felled tree.
The Part Played By the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) in the Treaty of Al-Fudool (Virtuous)
Al-Hafiz Al-Baihaqi narrated on the authority of Jubair Ibn Mut‘im (May Allah be pleased with him) that he said, “The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘I took part with my paternal uncles in the treaty of the Scented Ones, so I do not like to violate it (or he used a similar word), even if I was given the best of red camels’.”
I say: There is no doubt of this; this refers to the treaty signed by Quraish after the death of Qusayy. They disagreed with regard to Qusayy’s appointment of his son, Abdud-Dar as the person responsible for As-Siqayah, Ar-Rifadah, Al-Liwa’, An-Nadwah and Al-Hijabah. They were opposed in it by Banu ‘Abd Manaf and each side was supported by tribes from Quraish. They agreed on the conditions of the treaty and the members of Banu ‘Abd Manaf brought a bowl of perfume and they placed their hands in it and swore to abide by the treaty. Then, when they stood up, they wiped their hands on the corners of the House of Allah. For this reason, they were known as Al-Mutayyaboon (the Perfumed Ones), as we mentioned previously. This took place in earlier times, but what is meant by this treaty is the Treaty of Al-Fudool which was signed in the house of ‘Abdullah Ibn Jud‘an, according to what was narrated by Al-Humaidi, who reported on the authority of Sufyan Ibn ‘Uyainah, who in return reported on the authority of Muhammad and ‘Abdur-Rahman, the sons of Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) that they said “The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘I witnessed a treaty in the house of ‘Abdullah Ibn Jud‘an, and if I was invited to take part in it in Islam, I would accept it.’ They agreed to respect the principles of justice and to collectively intervene in cases of injustice. They said that the Treaty of Al-Fudool was twenty years before the beginning of his Prophethood, in the month of Dhul-Qa‘dah, approximately four months after the Sacrilegious War.”
Az-Zubair Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib said regarding this (Al-Bahr ul-Wafir),
I swore to uphold a treaty on them,
And if we were all the people of a house,
We called it Al-Fudool when we resolved,
To respect strangers who had protection,
And those around the House know that,
We oppose injustice and reject dishonor.
And Az-Zubair also said (Al-Bahr ul-Kamil), Verily, the virtuous made an agreement and swore an oath, That no wrongdoer should find an abode inside Makkah, A matter upon which they agreed and resolved, So that the protégé and the wretched might be safe.
Marriage of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him)to Khadeejah Bint Khuwailid Ibn Asad Ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza Ibn Qusayy
Ibn Ishaq said, “Khadeejah Bint Khuwailid was an honorable and wealthy businesswoman, who used to conduct her business through men contracted to act on her behalf. When she was informed about the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and his truthfulness, honesty and nobility of character, she sent a message to him offering him a position as her agent on a business trip to Ash-Sham and she offered to pay him a better remuneration than she paid to any other trader. He was to be accompanied by a slave belonging to her, whose name was Maisarah. The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) accepted this from her and he set out with her goods. Her slave, Maisarah, accompanied him and they traveled until they reached Ash-Sham. There the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) stopped beneath the shade of a tree, near to the hermitage of a monk.
The monk came out to Maisarah and said, ‘Who is this man who has stopped beneath the tree?’ Maisarah replied, ‘This is a man from Quraish, from among the people of the Sacred Precincts.’ The monk said to him, ‘No one has stopped beneath this tree except a Prophet.’ Then the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) sold his goods (i.e. the things that he had brought to trade) and he bought what he wanted to buy. Then he set out on the return journey to Makkah, accompanied by Maisarah. It is claimed that when it was midday and the heat of the sun was fierce, Maisarah saw two angels shading him from the sun while he was proceeding on his camel. When he arrived in Makkah, he went to Khadeejah with the goods he had purchased, she sold them and found that her profits were almost double what they normally were. Maisarah informed her of what the monk had said and of how he had seen two angels shading him. Khadeejah was a resolute, noble and intelligent woman, in addition to the generosity with which Allah had favored her. So when Maisarah conveyed this information to her, she sent a message to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), in which it is claimed she said, ‘O, my cousin! I have conceived a liking for you because of your kinship, the high reputation you hold among your people, your honesty, your good character and your truthfulness.’ Then she offered herself as a wife to him. She was the best of the Quraishi women in lineage, the greatest of them in nobility and the wealthiest of them. All of her people were keen to seek a marriage with her if it were possible. So when she said this to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), he informed his uncles about it and then Hamzah, one of his uncles, went with him to Khuwailid Ibn Asad and proposed marriage to her, after which the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) married her.”
Ibn Ishaq said, “Khadeejah Bint Khuwailid mentioned to Waraqah Ibn Nawfal Ibn Asad Ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza Ibn Qusayy – who was her paternal cousin – what the monk had said to Maisarah and how he had seen the angels shading him. He was a Christian who studied the Scriptures and possessed much of the knowledge of mankind. On hearing this, he said, ‘O, Khadeejah! if this is true, then Muhammad is certainly the Prophet of this nation. I knew that a Prophet was expected to come to this nation and this is his time.’ Waraqah felt impatient after that and he used to say, ‘Until when’?” Regarding this, he said (Al-Bahrul-Wafir),
I persisted in remembrance of Allah,
Waiting for Him to send the Prophet,
Based upon Khadeejah’s description,
O, Khadeejah! Long have I waited,
In the center of the two Makkahs in hope,
Based on your words, that I might see him emerge,
According to what you have related from a cleric,
Among the monks; I hate to think he might have erred,
When he said that Muhammad will lead his people,
And will defeat those who oppose him,
And the light of truth will shine through the lands,
Causing the people to rise up like a wave,
And those who fight him will meet with loss,
While those who make peace with him,
Will find irrigated date groves,
So I hope that when this comes to pass,
I may witness it and I will be the first to enter.
By Ibn Katheer
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