AND FROM THE BOOK, SIGNS OF PROPHETHOOD, IN THE CHAPTER ABOUT HIS INFORMING OF FUTURE UNSEEN MATTERS
From this is what has been affirmed in the Saheehain from ‘A’ishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “There were people that were inspired in the nations and if there is one in my nation it will be Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.”
Narrated by Tariq Ibn Shihab, he said, “We used to say that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab speaks from an angel’s tongue.” We have mentioned in the biography of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab many matters from his discoveries and that which he used to mention from matters of the unseen like the story of Sariyah Ibn Zunaim and that which is similar to it.
From this is what Al-Bukhari narrated from ‘A’ishah: The wives of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) gathered with him one day and said, “O Messenger of Allah, who is the first from among us going to catch up with you (i.e., who is going to die first then be with you)?” He replied, “The one who has the longest arm.” Sawdah was the one with the longest arm so she was the first to catch up to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). This is what has been mentioned in Al-Bukhari’s Saheeh that it was Sawdah.
That which Muslim narrated from ‘A’ishah Bint Talhah, from ‘A’ishah, the Mother of the Believers, that she mentioned the Hadith as mentioned above and in it Zainab had the longest arms from among us because she used to work with her hand and used to give in charity.” This is well-known among the historians that Zainab Bint Jahsh was the first of the Prophet’s wives to die. Al-Waqidi said: She died in Year 20 and Umar Ibn Al-Khattab prayed upon her (the funeral prayer).
I say: As for Sawdah then she died at the end of the rule of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab also, as mentioned by Abu Khaithamah.
From that is what Muslim narrated from the Hadith of Usair Ibn Jabir from Umar Ibn Al-Khattab regarding the story of Uwais Al-Qarani and the Prophet’s mention of him that he is the best of the Tabi‘een and that he had leprosy so he prayed to Allah and He removed it from him except for a place on his body the size of a Dirham. He was good to his mother and he commanded Umar to ask him to seek forgiveness from Allah for him. This man was found in the era of Umar upon the exact description that he mentioned in the Hadith. I have mentioned the ways of this Hadith and its words and the explanation of it in detail in that which I compiled from the Musnad of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.
Narrated by Umm Waraqah Bint Nawfal: When the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought in Badr, she said: “O Messenger of Allah, allow me to come with you in the battle, I shall nurse your wounded, so that Allah may grant me martyrdom.” He replied to her, “Stay in your house, because Allah will grant you martyrdom.” She used to be called Ash-Shaheedah (the Martyr) and she had memorized the Qur’an and asked the Prophet’s permission to have a guard who would watch over her. She had a pact that her slave boy and girl be free when she dies, so they stood by her at night and smothered her in her blanket until she died. Umar woke up in the morning, stood in front of the people and said, “Whoever has knowledge about these two or saw them then he should bring them. Then he gave the order (after they were found) and crucified them and they were the first two who were crucified in Madinah.
From that is what Al-Bukhari narrated from Awf Ibn Malik in his Hadith from him concerning the six signs after his death and a part of it: “Then a plague that will take you like Qu‘asal-Ghanam (a disease that causes animals to excrete a fluid from its nose then die suddenly after).” This occurred in the era of Umar and that is the plague of Amawas (a village near Jerusalem) in the Year 18 and many from the most noble of Companions died from it, from them was; Mu‘adh Ibn Jabal, Abu Ubaidah, Yazeed Ibn Abu Sufyan, Shurahbeel Ibn Hasanah, Abu Jandal Ibn Suhail Ibn ‘Amr and his father and Al-Fadl Ibn AlAbbas Ibn Abdul-Muttalib.
Narrated Mu‘adh Ibn Jabal, who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Six (matters) are from the signs of the hour; my death, the conquering of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict the people like Qu‘asal-Ganam, a trial its realm will enter the house of every Muslim, and that a man would be given 1,000 Dinars and dislike it and that the Romans will go to war and they will come to you with 80 big banners and under each banner there are 12,000 men.”
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Hayyan that he heard Sulaiman Ibn Moosa mention that the plague afflicted the people in (shortly after) the Battle of Amwasah and Amr Ibn Al-As stood and said, “O people, this illness is impurity so stay away from it.” Then Shurahbeel Ibn Hasanah stood and said, “O people, I have just heard the statement of your companion and, by Allah, I have embraced Islam and prayed and Amr is more misguided than the camel of his household. It is nothing other than a plague that Allah has sent so remain patient.” Mu‘adh Ibn Jabal stood and said, “O people, I have just heard the statements of these two companions of yours, this plague is a mercy upon you and the call (Da‘wah) of your Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). I indeed heard the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) say, ‘You are going to journey to Sham and reach called, the Land of Amwasah, and a plague is going to exit which leaves marks like the marks of ulcers, and then by it Allah causes you and your children to die as martyrs and purify your wealth.’ O Allah, you know that I heard this from the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). So give Mu‘adh and his family the greatest portion from it and don’t cure him from it.” He added, “He was afflicted in his index finger and began to say, ‘O Allah, bless it because when you bless something which is small then it becomes big’.” Thereafter, his son was afflicted and he entered upon him and recited the Verse: (This is) the truth from your Lord. So be you not one of those who doubt. (Soorah Al-Baqarah: 147) So he replied: Insha’Allah (if Allah wills), you shall find me of As-Sabireen (the patient ones, etc.).” (Soorah As-Saffat: 102).
Narrated by Hudhaifah: Umar Ibn Al-Khattab said, “Who among you remembers the statement of Allah’s Messenger ((Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him)) about afflictions?” I said, “I know it as the Prophet had said it.” Umar said, “No doubt, you are bold. How did he say it?” I said, “A man’s afflictions (wrong deeds) concerning his wife, children and neighbors are expiated by (his) prayers, charity, and enjoining good.” (The sub-narrator, Sulaiman, added that he said, “The prayer, charity, enjoining good and forbidding evil.”) Umar said, “I did not mean that, but I ask about that affliction which will spread like the waves of the sea.” I said, “O chief of the Believers!
You need not be afraid of it as there is a closed door between you and it.” He asked, “Will the door be broken or opened?” I replied, “No, it will be broken.” He said, “Then, if it is broken, it will never be closed again?” I replied, “Yes.” We were afraid to ask what that door was. We asked Masrooq to inquire, and he asked Hudhaifah regarding it. Hudhaifah said, “The door was Umar.” We further asked Hudhaifah whether Umar knew what that door meant. Hudhaifah replied in the affirmative and added, “He knew it as one knows that there will be a night before tomorrow morning. I informed him from Hadiths not fictitious stories.” The sub-narrator said, “We were afraid to ask him. We ordered Masrooq to ask him, and he asked: Who is that door. He replied: Umar.”
This is what happened after the murder of Umar, trials fell on the people and their existence was reaffirmed with the murder of Uthman Ibn Affan.
Narrated by Salim from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) saw Umar wearing a garment and asked him, “Is your garment new or is it washed?” He replied, “Washed.” He said, “Wear new (clothes), and live praiseworthy and die as a martyr.” The narrator said: I think he said, “May Allah provide you with the pleasure of your eyes in this world and the hereafter.”
That which he mentioned in the Hadith occurred for indeed he was martyred while he was standing in Fajr prayers in his Mihrab (place where Imam stands) in the Prophet’s Mosque. The Hadith of Abu Dharr has been mentioned earlier concerning the glorification of the stones in the hands of Abu Bakr, Umar and then Uthman and then the Prophet’s statement after that, “This is the Caliphate of Prophethood.”
It has been affirmed in the Saheehain from Abu Moosa Al-Ash‘ari: One day, I performed my Wudoo’ in my house and set forth with the determination that I would stick to Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and spend the whole day with him. I came to the Mosque and asked about him. The Companions told that he had gone in a certain direction. Abu Moosa added: I followed him inquiring until I came to Bi’r Arees (a well in the suburb of Al-Madinah). I sat down at the door till he had relieved himself and performed Wudoo’. I went to him and saw him sitting on the platform of the well with his shanks uncovered and his legs dangling in the well. I greeted him and returned to the door of the garden, saying to myself, “I will be the doorkeeper of the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) today.” Abu Bakr came and knocked at the door. I said; “Who is that?” He said: “Abu Bakr.” I said, “Wait a moment.” Then I went to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and said, “O Messenger of Allah! Abu Bakr is at the door seeking permission to enter.” He said, “Admit him and give him the glad tidings of Jannah.’’ I returned and said to Abu Bakr: “You may enter and Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) has given you the glad tidings of (entering) Jannah.’’ Abu Bakr came in and sat down on the right side of Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and suspended his legs into the well and uncovered his shanks, as the Messenger of Allah had done. I returned to the door and sat down. I had left my brother at home while he was performing Wudoo’ and intending to join me. I said to myself: “If Allah intends good for him (i.e., to be blessed to come at this time and receive the glad tidings of entering Jannah), He will bring him here.’’ Someone knocked at the door and I said, “Who is it?’’ He said, “Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.’’ I said, “Wait a moment.’’ I proceeded toward the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and greeted him and said, “Umar is at the door, seeking permission to enter.” He said, “Let him in and give him the glad tidings of entering Jannah.’’ I went back to Umar and said to him, “the Messenger of Allah has given you permission as well as glad tidings of entering Jannah.’’ He entered and sat down with Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) on his left side and dangled his feet into the well. I returned to the door and sat down and said to myself: “If Allah intends good for my brother, He will bring him here.” Someone knocked at the door and I said, “Who is it?” He said, “Uthman Ibn Affan.” I said, “Wait a moment.” I went to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and informed him about his arrival. He said, “Let him in and give him glad tidings of entering Jannah together with a tribulation which he will have to face.’’ I came back to him and said, “You may enter; and the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) gives you the glad tidings of entering Jannah together with a tribulation that will afflict you.’’ He got in and saw that the elevated platform round the well was fully occupied. So he sat on the opposite side. Sa‘eed Ibn Al-Musayyab, a sub-narrator, has reported: I interpreted it (the order in which they sat down) indicated the places of their burial they (the graves of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), Abu Bakr and Umar) were together and the grave of Uthman was away from theirs.
Another narration adds: Abu Moosa Al-Ash‘ari said: The Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered me to guard the door. When Uthman was told (about the misfortune) he praised Allah and said: “Allahul-Musta‘an (His help is to be sought).’’
Narrated ‘A’ishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Call some of my Companions for me.” I replied, “Abu Bakr?” He said, “No.” I asked, “Umar?” He replied, “No.” I asked, “Uthman?” He said, “Yes.” When Uthman arrived (Al-Baihaqi) he said: He leaned and began to whisper to him and Uthman’s color changed. Abu Sahlah said: When it was the day of the house (siege, i.e., when Uthman was murdered) and he was present therein, we said, “O Leader of the Believers, are you not going to fight?” He replied, “No, the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) has taken my promise and I am going to make myself patient upon that (i.e., not to fight and that he will be martyred).”
Al-Baihaqi narrated from the Hadith of Moosa Ibn Uqbah: My grandfather informed me, the father of my mother, Abu Habeebah, that he entered the house while Uthman was surrounded in it. And he heard Abu Hurairah seek permission from Uthman to speak, so he allowed him. He stood and praised Allah and extolled Him and said, I heard the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) say, “You are going to experience trials and discord after me.” Then someone from the people said to him, “Who shall we stick by, O Messenger of Allah? – or (he said): What do you command us?” He replied, “Stick to the faithful and his companions,” and he was indicating to Uthman by that.
Narrated by Abdullah Ibn Masood from the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said, “The affair of Islam shall remain intact for 35 years – or he said 36 or 37 years – and if they perish then the path of those who perished. If their religion remains then it will remain established for 70 years.”
Al-Baihaqi said: It has reached me that in this was an indication to the tribulations that occurred, from them was the murder of Uthman in year 35. In this Hadith, there is an indication to the tribulations that occurred in the era of Ali. And he meant by 70 years the kingdom of Banu Umayyah tribe, because between the establishment of the kingdom for them and the time when callers appeared (in support of the Al-Abbasi movement) in Khurasan and the weakness of the Banu Umayyah’s tribe is close to 70 years.
Another Hadith
Narrated by Umm Dharr, she said: When Abu Dharr’s death was near, I cried. He said, “What causes you to cry?” I replied, “How can I not cry when you are going to die in an open plain of the earth and I have no strength to bury you and I don’t have a sheet of cloth that is sufficient for you so I can cover you with it.” He replied, “Don’t cry, be happy because I heard the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) say to a group of people, ‘A man from among you shall die in a plain of the earth, a group from the Muslims will witness him (shall pray on him).’ There is none from that group except that he died in a village or a group and I am the one who die in a plain of land. By Allah, I am not lying nor was I told a lie.”
The Hadith concerning his death is renowned in Ar-Rabadhah in the Year 33 in the Caliphate of Uthman and from those people that came to him while he was about to die was Abdullah Ibn Mas‘ood and he is the one who offered prayers on him. He came to Madinah and lived for 10 days there and then he died.
Narrated Abud-Darda’, who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “I am going to leave you (i.e. die) until the Pond. I will wait whoever comes to me from you then I will be disputed with about one of you, so I will say: He is from my Ummah. It will be said, ‘Do you know what they did after you’?” Abud-Darda’ said: I feared that I may be from those (who are repelled). I came to the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and mentioned that to him. He replied, “You are not from them.” The sub-narrator said: Abud-Darda’ died before Uthman died and before the tribulations occurred.
I say: Sa‘eed Ibn Abdul-Azeez said, that Abud- Darda’ passed away with two years remaining from Uthman’s Caliphate. And Al-Waqidi, Abu Ubaidah and others said that he passed away in Year 32.
By Ibn Katheer
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