A MENTION OF HIS WIVES (PBUH) AND THEIR CHILDREN – MAY ALLAH BE PLEASED WITH THEM
Allah (SWT) says:
“O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other women. If you keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease (of hypocrisy, or evil desire for adultery, etc.) should be moved with desire, but speak in an honorable manner. And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance, and perform As-Salat (Iqamat as-Salat), and give Zakat and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs (evil deeds and sins, etc.) from you, O members of the family (of the Prophet), and to purify you with a thorough purification. And remember (O you, the members of the Prophet’s family, the graces of your Lord), that which is recited in your houses of the Verses of Allah and Al-Hikmah (i.e. Prophet’s Sunnah legal ways, etc. so give your thanks to Allah and glorify His Praises for this Qur’an and the Sunnah). Verily, Allah is Ever Most Courteous, Well-Acquainted with all things.” (Soorah Al-Ahzab: 32-34)
There is no difference of opinion that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away having nine (wives) and they are: ‘A’ishah Bint Abu Bakr As-Siddiq At-Taimiyyah, Hafsah Bint ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab Al-Adawiyyah, Umm Habeebah Ramlah Bint Abu Sufyan Sakhr Ibn Harb Ibn Umayyah Al-Umawiyyah, Zainab Bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah, Umm Salamah Hind Bint Abu Umayyah AlMakhzoomiyyah, Maimoonah Bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyyah, Sawdah Bint Zam‘ah Al- Amiriyyah, Juwairiyah Bint Al-Harith Ibn Abu Dirar Al-Mustaliqiyah, Safiyyah Bint Huyayy Ibn Akhtab AnNadariyyah Al-Isra’eeliyyah Al-Harooniyyah – may Allah be pleased with them and please them.
He had two slave girls, and they were Mariyah Bint Sham‘oon Al-Qibtiyyah Al-Misriyyah from Koorah Ansina and she was the mother of his son Ibraheem and Raihanah Bint Sham‘oon Al-Quraziyyah who accepted Islam, then he freed her and she returned to her family. And there are some people who said that she went into hiding with them. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
As for the mention in detail and order with regards to who was first and so on, from the words of the Imams, Qatadah narrated: The Messenger of Allah had fifteen women. He entered upon thirteen from them and he had eleven at one time and left nine when he died. Thereafter he mentioned the nine which we mentioned.
‘A’ishah narrated similarly as she said: The two women that he did not allow to enter were: Amrah Bint Yazeed Al-Ghifariyyah and Ash-Shanba’. As for Amrah, when he was alone with her and removed her clothes and saw that she had leprosy and he left her and gave her the dowry. And she became impermissible for others (to marry). As for Ash-Shanba’, when she was made to enter upon him she wasn’t at ease so he left her until she would feel comfortable. Then, when Ibraheem died suddenly she said: “If he was a Prophet his child would not have died.” So he divorced her and gave her the dowry and she became impermissible for others. She said: The ones who cohabited with him were: ‘A’ishah, Sawdah, Hafsah, Umm Salamah, Umm Habeebah, Zainab Bint Jahsh, Zainab Bint Khuzaimah, Juwairiyah, Safiyyah, Maimoonah and Umm Shareek.
I say: And in Saheeh Al-Bukhari Anas narrated: Verily, the Messenger of Allah would visit his wives and they were eleven women. It is commonly mentioned that he did not enter upon Umm Shareek as its clarification is forthcoming, however, the meaning of the eleven that he would visit are the nine previously mentioned and the two maids Mariyah and Raihanah.
The first woman that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married was Khadeejah Bint Khuwailid Ibn Asad Ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza Ibn Qusayy. Her father married her to him before his Prophethood.
In a narration Az- Zuhri said: The age of the Messenger of Allah the day he married Khadeejah was 21 years, and it has also been mentioned as 25 years, the time the Ka‘bah was rebuilt. And Al-Waqidi also mentioned it and added that she was 45 years old. Others from the people of knowledge said the Messenger of Allah was 30 years of age. And narrated by Hakeem Ibn Hizam that: The age of the Messenger of Allah the day he married Khadeejah was 25 and she was 40 years old.
And narrated by Ibn Abbas: She gave birth to Al-Qasim, and by him he was nicknamed (Abul-Qasim), and At-Tayyib, At-Tahir, Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthoom and Fatimah.
I say she was the mother of all his sons with the exception of Ibraheem; he was from Mariyah as we are going to mention. Then he spoke about every daughter from the daughters of the Messenger of Allah and who married her, the brief outline of it is: Zainab was married to Abul’Aas Ibn Ar-Rabee‘ Ibn ‘Abdul‘Uzza Ibn ‘Abd Shams Ibn ‘Abd Manaf, and he was Khadeejah’s nephew. His mother was Halah Bint Khuwailid. She gave birth to his son ‘Ali and a daughter called Umamah Bint Zainab. ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib married her after the death of Fatimah and died while she was with him, then she married Al-Mugheerah Ibn Nawfal Ibn Al-Harith Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib after him.
As for Ruqayyah, ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Affan married her; she gave birth to his son ‘Abdullah and was nicknamed after him initially, then he nicknamed himself with the name of his son ‘Amr. Ruqayyah died when the Messenger of Allah was in Badr. And when Zaid Ibn Harithah came with the glad tidings (of victory) he found that they had just leveled the soil on her body. And ‘Uthman stood by her nursing her so the Messenger of Allah gave him his share and reward. Thereafter he married him to her sister Umm Kulthoom and for that reason he was nicknamed: Dhun-Noorain (possessor of two lights). She also passed away in the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married her daughter, Fatimah, to his nephew ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib. ‘Ali entered upon her after the Battle of Badr as we have mentioned. She gave birth to Hasan and he (‘Ali) was nicknamed with his name, and Husain, and Husain was martyred in the land of Iraq.
I say it is also said Muhsin (his son).
His daughter Zainab was married to the son of her uncle, ‘Abdullah Ibn Ja‘far, and she gave birth from him to ‘Ali and ‘Awn and died while married to him. As for Umm Kulthum, the Leader of the Believers, ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab married her, and she gave birth to Zaid from him and he died while married to her. Later, after him she married with the sons of her uncle, one after the other. She married ‘Awn Ibn Ja‘far, then after his death his brother, Muhammad, married her. Then after the death of Muhammad, their brother, ‘Abdullah Ibn Ja‘far, married her; she died while married to him.
Az-Zuhri said: Khadeejah married two men before the Messenger of Allah; the first of them was ‘Ateeq Ibn ‘Abid Ibn Makhzoom. The second was Abu Halah At-Tamimi. She gave birth to Hind and Zainab from him. Ibn Ishaq related that after the death of ‘Abid Abu Halah, she was married to An-Nabbash Ibn Zurarah, from the sons of ‘Amr Ibn Tameem, the ally of the Banu Abdud-Dar. She gave birth to a boy and a girl. Later, An-Nabbash also died. Then she married the Messenger of Allah and gave birth to his four daughters and sons Al-Qasim, At-Tayyib, At-Tahir. The sons passed away in infancy. The Messenger of Allah didn’t marry anyone else while she was alive.
Az-Zuhri said: After Khadeejah, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married ‘A’ishah Bint Abu Bakr Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn Abu Quhafah, ‘Uthman Ibn Amir Ibn Amr Ibn Ka‘b Ibn Sa‘d Ibn Taim Ibn Murrah Ibn Ka‘b Ibin Lu’ayy Ibn Ghalib Ibn Fihr Ibin Malik Ibn An-Nadr Ibn Kinanah. After Khadeejah, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not marry any virgin except ‘A’ishah but she did not bear him any child.
I say: She did not give birth to any child for him and it is said that she had a miscarriage of a son, the Messenger of Allah named him Abdullah. That is why she is nicknamed Umm (mother of) ‘Abdullah.
The child of her sister, Asma’, from Az- Zubair Ibn Al-‘Awwam was nicknamed ‘Abdullah.
I say: Indeed the Messenger of Allah married Sawdah before ‘A’ishah as Ibn Ishaq mentioned. And Allah (SWT) knows best. And we already mentioned the description of his marriage with them before the Migration (Hijrah) and not entering upon ‘A’ishah until after the Hijrah.
He married Hafsah Bint ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab; She was earlier married to Khunais Ibn Hudhafah Ibn Qais Ibn ‘Adiyy Ibn Hudhafah Ibn Sahm Ibn ‘Amr Ibn Husais Ibn Ka‘b Ibn Lu’ayy. Khunais had died as a Believer.
He said: The Messenger of Allah married Umm Salamah Hind Bint Abu Umayyah Ibn Al-Mugheerah Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Makhzoom. Before him, she was married to the son of her uncle, Abu Salamah ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abdul-Asad Ibn Hilal Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Makhzoom.
He said: And he married Sawdah Bint Zam‘ah Ibn Qais Ibn ‘Abd Shams Ibn ‘Abd Udd Ibn Nasr Ibn Malik Ibn Hisl Ibn Amir Ibn Lu’ayy. Before getting married to the Messenger of Allah, she was married to As-Sakran Ibn ‘Amr, the brother of Suhail Ibn ‘Amr Ibn ‘Abd Shams. He died as a Muslim after their return from Al-Habashah (Ethiopia or Abyssinia and surrounding areas) to Makkah, may Allah be pleased with them.
He said: He married Umm Habeebah Ramlah Bint Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb Ibn Umayyah Ibn ‘Abd Shams Ibn ‘Abd Manaf Ibn Qusayy. Before the Messenger of Allah, she was married to ‘Ubaidullah Ibn Jahsh Ibn Ri’ab from the tribe of Asad Ibn Khuzaimah. He died as a Christian in Abyssinia. The Messenger of Allah sent ‘Amr Ibn Umayyah Ad-Damri to her there, then he proposed to her through him and then ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Affan married her to him. This is what he said. However, Khalid Ibn Sa‘eed Ibn Al-‘As and Najashi, the ruler of Abyssinia, paid her the dowry of 400 Dinars and sent Shurahbeel Ibn Hasanah with her. And we already have mentioned all of that in detail.
He said: He married Zainab Bint Jahsh Ibn Ri’ab Ibn Asad Ibn Khuzaimah, and her mother was Umaimah Bint ‘Abdul-Muttalib, the paternal aunt of the Messenger of Allah. Earlier, she was married to Zaid Ibn Harithah, the slave of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. She was the first of his wives to follow him in death and the first who had a bier made over her; Asma’ Bint ‘Umais made it for her as she saw in Abyssinia.
He said: And he married Zainab Bint Khuzaimah and she was from the tribe of Banu ‘Abd Manaf Ibn Hilal Ibn Amir Ibn Sa‘sa‘ah and she was called Ummul-Masakeen. She was previously married to ‘Abdullah Ibn Jahsh Ibn Ri’ab, who was killed on the Day [Battle] of Uhud. She could not stay with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, except for a short time as she passed away.
Yoonus said narrating from Muhammad Ibn Ishaq that she was married to Al-Husain Ibn Al-Harith Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib Ibn ‘Abd Manaf, or his brother, At-Tufail Ibn Al-Harith.
Az-Zuhri said: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married Maimoonah Bint Al-Harith Ibn Hazn Ibn Bujair Ibn Al-Huzam Ibn Ruwaibah Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn Hilal Ibn Amir Ibn Sa‘sa‘ah. She is the one who offered herself (for marriage without dowry and guardian).
I say: The truth is that indeed the Messenger of Allah proposed to her and the mediator between them was Abu Rafi‘, his slave, as we explained in detail in Umratul-Qada’. Az-Zuhri said: She had married two men before the Messenger of Allah, first of them was Ibn Abd Yaleel. Saif Ibn ‘Umar said in his narration: She was married to ‘Umair Ibn ‘Amr from the tribe of Uqdah from Thaqeef Ibn ‘Amr AthThaqafi. He died and then she married Abu Ruhm Ibn ‘Abdul-‘Uzza Ibn Abu Qais Ibn Abd Wudd Ibn Nasr Ibn Hisl Ibn Amir Ibn Lu’ayy.
He said: And he captured Safiyyah Bint Huyayy Ibn Akhtab from the tribe of An-Nadeer on the Day of Khaibar when she was the bride of Kinanah Ibn Abul-Huqaiq. Saif Ibn ‘Umar claimed in his narration that she was married to Sallam Ibn Mishkam before Kinanah. And Allah (SWT) knows best. He said: So these are the eleven women upon whom he entered. Az-Zuhri said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married Al- ‘Aliyah Bint Zabyan Ibn ‘Amr from the tribe of Abu Bakr Ibn Kilab and entered upon her, and (then) divorced her. Al-Baihaqi said: This is how it is mentioned in my book and in a narration other than his: He did not enter upon her, then he divorced her. He said: The Prophet peace be upon him, married the sister of the tribe of Al-Jawn Al-Kindi, and they are the allies of the tribe of Fazarah, then she sought refuge in Allah from him so he said: “You have sought refuge in a Great One (Allah), go back to your family.” So he divorced her and did not enter upon her. He said: The Messenger of Allah had a slave girl called Mariyah; she gave birth to Ibraheem from him. Then he passed away in infancy. He had a slave girl called Raihanah Bint Sham‘oon from the People of the Book from Khunafah tribe – and they were a subdivision of the tribe of Quraizah. The Messenger of Allah freed her but they claim that she went into hiding.
And Al-Hafiz Ibn ‘Asakir narrated with his chain of narrations from ‘Ali Ibn Mujahid: Verily, the Messenger of Allah married Khawlah Bint Al- Hudhail Ibn Hubairah At-Taghlibi, and her mother was Khirniq Bint Khaleefah, the sister of Dihyah Ibn Khaleefah. And she was brought to him from Ash-Sham, and she died during the journey. Then he married her maternal aunt, Sharaf Bint Fadalah Ibn Khaleefah. She was brought to him from Ash-Sham but she also died during the journey. Yoonus Ibn Bukair mentioned from Muhammad Ibn Ishaq: And the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, married Asma’ Bint Ka‘b Al-Jawniyyah and did not enter upon her, and he divorced her. Then he married ‘Amrah Bint Yazeed from the women of Kilab tribe (Al-Waheed subdivision tribe). Earlier, she was married to AlFadhl Ibn ‘Abbas Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib before him. After marrying her, the Messenger of Allah, divorced her and didn’t enter upon her. Al-Baihaqi said: So these two are the ones that Az-Zuhri mentioned and did not name them.
Al-Baihaqi narrated from Ash-Sha‘bi, who said: The women offered themselves to the Messenger of Allah. After marrying them, he entered upon some of them and left others and then didn’t go near them till the day he died. And they didn’t marry after him, from them was Umm Shareek. That is the statement of Allah, the Most High:
“You (O Muhammad) can postpone (the turn of) whom you will of them (your wives), and you may receive whom you will. And whomsoever you desire of those whom you have set aside (her turn temporarily), it is no sin on you (to receive her again), that is better; that they may be comforted and not grieved, and may all be pleased with what you give them. Allah knows what is in your hearts. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, Most Forbearing. (Soorah Al-Ahzab: 51)
Al-Baihaqi said we have narrated from Hisham Ibn ‘Urwah from his father, who said: Khawlah Bint Hakeem is from those who offered themselves (for marriage) to the Messenger of Allah.
By Ibn Katheer
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