A MENTION OF HIS CHILDREN (PBUH)
There is no difference of opinion that all of his children were from Khadeejah Bint Khuwailid with the exception of Ibraheem; he was from Mariyah Bint Sham‘oon Qibtiyyah.
Ibn Abbas he said: The oldest of the Messenger of Allah’s offspring was Al-Qasim, then Zainab, then ‘Abdullah, then Umm Kulthoom, then Fatimah and then Ruqayyah. Al-Qasim died and he was the first of his children to die in Makkah, thereafter ‘Abdullah died.
Mariyah gave birth to Ibraheem in Madinah in Dhul-Hijjah in the 8th year after the Hijrah, and he died when he was 18 months old.
Abul-‘As Ibn Ar-Rabee‘ married Zainab and she gave birth to ‘Ali and Umamah from him. She is the one that the Messenger of Allah used to carry her in the prayer, when he would prostrate he would put her down and when he would stand up, he would carry her. And maybe that was after the death of her mother in the Year 8 after the Hijrah, based on what Al-Waqidi, Qatadah, ‘Abdullah Ibn Abu Bakr Ibn Hazm and others have mentioned. And it is as though she was a young child. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib(May Allah be pleased with him)married her after the death of Fatimah based on what is to come insha’Allah. And the death of Zainab was in Year 8 A. H.. Qatadah mentioned it from ‘Abdullah Ibn Abu Bakr Ibn Hazm, Khaleefah Ibn Khayyat, Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Khaithamah and others. Qatadah said from Ibn Hazm: in the beginning of the 8th year A.H. Hammad Ibn Salamah mentioned from Hisham Ibn ‘Urwah from his father that when she was migrating a man pushed her so she fell on a rock and had a miscarriage. She remained ill till she died, thereafter they believed that she died as a martyr.
As for Ruqayyah, the son of her paternal uncle ‘Utbah Ibn Abu Lahab, married her first just as his brother ‘Utaibah Ibn Abu Lahab married Umm Kulthoom.
Thereafter they divorced before entering upon them out of hatred of the Messenger of Allah when Allah (SWT) revealed:
“Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! His wealth and his children will not benefit him! He will be burned in a Fire of blazing flames! And his wife too, who carries wood (thorns of Sa‘dan which she used to put on the way of the Prophet), or use to slander him). In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad
(palm fiber) (Soorah Masad: 1-5)
Then ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Affan (May Allah be pleased with him) married Ruqayyah and migrated with her to Abyssinia and it is said that he was the first to migrate there. Thereafter, they returned to Makkah as we mentioned earlier and then migrated to Madinah. She gave birth to his son ‘Abdullah who reached 6 years of age, then a rooster pecked him in his eyes and he died. He was nicknamed by him initially (Abu ‘Abdullah), thereafter he was nicknamed with his son (son’s name) ‘Amr and he died when the Messenger of Allah was victorious in Badr, the Day of Criterion, the day the two parties met. And when the bringer of good news – who was Zaid Ibn Harithah – came to Madinah he found that they had just leveled the soil on her grave.
‘Uthman had stayed behind to nurse her by the command of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the Prophet gave him his share and reward (from the war booty). Thereafter he married her sister Umm Kulthoom also to him upon his return and for this reason he was known as the “possessor of two lights”. She died in Sha‘ban in Year 9 A.H. and didn’t have any children from him. The Messenger of Allah said: “If I had a third (daughter) I would have indeed married her to ‘Uthman.”And in another narration the Messenger of Allah said: “If they were 10 (daughters) I would have indeed married them to ‘Uthman.” As for Fatimah, she was married to the son of her paternal uncle – ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib – in Safar Year 2 A.H. She gave birth to Al-Hasan and Al-Husain – and it is said Muhsin (also) – and she gave birth to Umm Kulthoom and Zainab from him. ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab indeed married Umm Kulthoom Bint ‘Ali Ibn Abu Talib in the era of his reign, from Fatimah and was extremely generous to her. He gave her 40,000 Dirhams (in dowry) due to her lineage from the Messenger of Allah. Then she gave birth to Zaid Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab from him. When ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab was killed the son of her paternal uncle ‘Awn Ibn Ja‘far married her after him and died while (married) to her. Then his brother ‘Abdullah Ibn Ja‘far succeeded him then she died while (married) to him.
Then ‘Abdullah Ibn Ja‘far married her sister Zainab Bint ‘Ali from Fatimah and she also died while married to him. Fatimah passed away six months after the Messenger of Allah based on the most authentic opinions and this is affirmed from ‘A’ishah, the Mother of the Believers, in the Saheeh.
As for Ibraheem, he was from Mariyah Qibtiyyah as we have mentioned, and his date of birth was in Dhul-Hijjah, Year 8 A.H. Anas Ibn Malik narrated: “If Ibraheem, the son of the Prophet, was to live he would have been a truthful prophet.” Abu Ya‘la narrated from Anas: “I didn’t see anyone more merciful to the children than the Messenger of Allah. Ibraheem was fed in ‘Awali of Madinah. And he would go while we were with him, then enter the house and it would indeed be smoky and the husband of the feeder was a blacksmith. So he would take him and kiss him, and then return.” ‘Amr said: “When Ibraheem passed away the Messenger of Allah said: “Verily Ibraheem is my son and he died on my chest. And he indeed has breast feeders who will complete his feeding in paradise.” And Al-Waqidi said: “Ibraheem, the son of the Messenger of Allah, passed away on Tuesday after 10 days had passed from Rabee‘ ul-Awwal in Year 10 A.H. when he was 18 months old in the tribe of Banu Mazin Ibn An-Najjar in the house of Umm Burdah Bint Al-Mundhir, and was buried in Al-Baqee‘.”
I say: We previously mentioned that the sun eclipsed the day he died. The people said: It has eclipsed for the death of Ibraheem. On hearing this the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said in his sermon: “Verily, the sun and the moon are two signs from the Signs of Allah, the Greatest and Almighty. They do not eclipse for the death of anyone nor his death.”
By Ibn Katheer
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