8.7. HOW JAHM ERRED REGARDING FAITH (IMAN)
The foundation of faith as held by Jahm was wrong from a number of angles:
1. He thought that it is mere affirmation and awareness of the heart and does not include the actions of the heart like loving and fearing Allah.
2. He thought that faith can reside in one’s heart without any utterances and actions.
3. He thought that those whom the Sharfah has declared as unbelievers and eternal residents of the Fire cannot have any kind of affirmation in their hearts. This led them to believe that Iblis, Fir’awn, the ancient Jews, and others like them did not have any type of affirmation in their hearts.
This is what they say about characteristics like will, abhorrence, love, and hate. If these are nothing but inclinations (hamm) and self-talk (hadith al-nafs), they are not recorded, but if they become certain will and love and hate, action must occur. This means that no one can assume that they just occur from nothing. Then they say: it is not sinful, and thereby the answer to the questioner’s argument is clear.
By Shaykhu’l-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah
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