8.2. THE DISPARITY OF ACTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
We must realise that between the beginning and the end of all at- tributes of the living, such as knowledge, ability, and will, there are levels that many servants of Allah do not fully grasp. These include doubt (skakk), then conjecture (zann), then knowledge (‘ilm), then certainty (yaqin) with its own levels, and also inclination (‘hamm), will (‘irada), determination (‘azm),and others.
For this reason, according to the majority of Ahlal-Sunnah and also according to the apparent view of Ahmad and the strongest of the two reports from him, the correct view is that knowledge, intellect and other similar characteristics are subject to increase and decrease. This is in fact the case with the characteristics of inanimate things as well, such as colors, tastes, and smells.
By Shaykhu’l-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah
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