7. THE STORY OF THEIR WORSHIP OF THE CALF DURING THE ABSENCE OF ALLAH’S KALEEM FROM THEM
Allah, Most High, says, And the people of Moosa made in his absence, out of their ornaments, the image of a calf (for worship). It had a sound (as if it was mooing). Did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor guide them to the way? They took it for worship and they were zalimoon (wrongdoers). And when they regretted and saw that they had gone astray, they (repented and) said, “If our Lord has not Mercy upon us and forgives us not, we shall certainly be of the losers.” And when Moosa returned to his people, angry and grieved, he said, “What an evil thing is that which you have done (i.e. worshipping the calf) during my absence. Did you hasten and go ahead as regards the matter of your Lord (you left His worship)?” And he threw down the Tablets and seized his brother by (the hair of) his head and dragged him toward him. Haroon said, “O, son of my mother! Indeed the people judged me weak and were about to kill me, so make not the enemies rejoice over me, nor put me amongst the people who are zalimoon.” Moosa said, “O, my Lord! Forgive me and my brother, and make us enter into Your Mercy, for you are the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.” Certainly, those who took the calf (for worship), wrath from their Lord and humiliation will come upon them in the life of this world. Thus do We recompense those who invent lies. But those who committed evil deeds and then repented afterward and believed, verily, your Lord after (all) that is indeed Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. And when the anger of Moosa subsided, he took up the Tablets, and in their inscription was guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:148-154)
Allah, Most High, informs us about the affair of the Children of Isra’eel and how, when Moosa (Peace be upon him) departed from them for the appointment with his Lord and remained on the mountain, where his Lord confided in him and he asked Him about many things and He answered him, a man from among the Children of Isra’eel, whose name was Haroon (Aaron) As-Samiri, took some jewelry that that he had borrowed and fashioned a calf from it; in it he cast some dust which he had taken from the trace of Jibraeel’s steed, when he saw him on the day when Allah drowned Pharaoh at Jibraeel’s hand. When he cast it, the calf lowered as a real calf low. It was said that it was transformed into a living, flesh-and-blood calf and that it lowed. This was said by Qatadah and others. It was also said that it was only the wind, when it entered it from the rear and exited from its mouth, making the lowing sound, in the manner in which a cow blows. Upon this, they began to dance around it and celebrate. They said, “This is your ilah (god), and the ilah (god) of Moosa, but (Moosa) has forgotten.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:88). It means that Moosa (Peace be upon him) has forgotten his “Lord”, which is with us and he has gone off to seek him, when he is here. Exalted is He above what they say, hallowed be His Names and His Attributes and multiplied be His Blessings and His Promised Rewards. Allah, Most High, says, making clear the falseness of their claims, Did they not see that it could not return them a word (for answer), and that it had no power either to harm them or to do them good? (Soorah Ta Ha 20:89). And He says, Did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor guide them to the way? They took it for worship and they were zalimoon. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:148). So He said that the animal could not speak and could not reply to them, nor did it possess the power to inflict harm on them or benefit them, nor could it guide them to right conduct. They took it as a deity to be worshipped and thus they wronged themselves, knowing within themselves that what they were doing was falsehood, ignorance and plain error. And when they regretted (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:149) means, when they repented of what they had done …and saw that they had gone astray, they (repented and) said, “If our Lord has not Mercy upon us and forgives us not, we shall certainly be of the losers.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:149). Then, when Moosa (Peace be upon him) returned to them, and saw that they were worshipping the calf, and he had with him the Tablets containing the Towrah, he threw them down and it was said that he broke them.
Then he advanced upon them and reprimanded them, rebuked them and disparaged them for their wicked deed and they offered an invalid excuse for their action, saying, “…we were made to carry the weight of the ornaments of the (Fir‘awn’s) people, then we cast them (into the fire), and that was what As-Samiri suggested.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:87). They said that they found it difficult to carry the people of Pharaoh’s jewelry – and they were the soldiers; Allah had commanded them to take it and made it lawful for them. They did not seek to excuse themselves for having worshipped the calf, which had a body and which lowered, besides Allah, the One, As-Samad, the Subduer, because of their ignorance, lack of knowledge and intelligence. Then Moosa (Peace be upon him) went to his brother, Haroon (Peace be upon him), and said to him, “O, Haroon! What stopped you when you saw them going astray, that you followed me not (according to my advice to you)?” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:92,93). That is, why, when you saw what they were doing, did you not obey me and inform me of what they were doing? “Verily, I feared lest you should say, “You have caused a division among the Children of Isra’eel,” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:94). means you have left them and come to me, when you had been appointed to take my place as their leader in my absence. He (Moosa) said, “O, my Lord! Forgive me and my brother, and make us enter into Your Mercy, for you are the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:151). Haroon (Peace be upon him) had indeed forbidden them to do this wicked deed in the sternest of terms and strongly rebuked them for it. Allah, Most High, says, And Haroon indeed had said to them beforehand, “O, my people! You are being tried in this…” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:90). That is, Allah has ordained this calf for you and made it low as a trial and a test for you. “…and verily, your Lord is (Allah) the Most Beneficent” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:90) means not this calf; “…so follow me.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:90). That is, in what I say to you. and obey my order.” They said, “We will not stop worshipping it (i.e. the calf), until Moosa returns to us.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:90-91) Allah bears witness on behalf of Haroon (Peace be upon him) – and Allah, Most High, is Sufficient as a Witness – that he forbade them to do that and rebuked them for it, but they did not obey him and they did not follow him. Then Moosa (Peace be upon him) approached As-Samiri. “And what is the matter with you, O, Samiri?” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:95) That is, what made you do what you did? He (As-Samiri) said, “I saw what they saw not” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:96) means I saw Jibraeel (Peace be upon him) when he was riding his steed “…so I took a handful (of dust) from the (hoof) prints of the messenger.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:96) the hoof prints of Jibraeel’s steed.
And some of the scholars mentioned that he saw it and every time it placed its hooves on the ground, the place became green and grass grew; so he took some dust from its hoof prints and he threw it onto the calf which had been manufactured from gold, that which we have mentioned happened. This is why Allah, Most High, says, “…and I threw it (into the fire in which were put the ornaments of the Fir‘awn’s people, or into the calf). Thus my inner-self suggested to me.” He (Moosa) said, “Then go away! And verily, your (punishment) in this life will be that you will say, “Touch me not (i.e. you will live alone exiled away from mankind).” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:96,97). This was a supplication against him, that he might not touch anyone, as a punishment for touching that which he had no right to touch. This was a punishment for him in this world; then he informed him of what awaited him in the Hereafter, saying, “…and verily (for a future punishment), you have a promise that will not fail.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:97) It was also recited as: that We will not fail (to fulfill). “And look at your ilah (god), to which you have been devoted. We will certainly burn it, and scatter its particles in the sea.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:97). It was said that Moosa (Peace be upon him) went to the calf and burned it in fire; this was said by Qatadah and others. It was also said that it was filed down; this was said by ‘Ali (May Allah be pleased with him), ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) and others and it was the version according to the People of the Scriptures. Then he scattered it into the sea. After that, he commanded the Children of Isra’eel to drink from it and when those who had worshipped the calf drank of it, the sand stuck to their lips, as proof of their guilt. It was also said that their skin became yellow. Then Allah, Most High, tells us that Moosa (Peace be upon him) said to them, “Your Ilah (God) is only Allah, the One (La ilaha illa Huwa) (none has the right to be worshipped but He). He has full knowledge of all things.” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:98) And He, Most High, says, Certainly, those who took the calf (for worship), wrath from their Lord and humiliation will come upon them in the life of this world. Thus do We recompense those who invent lies. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:152). And that is what happened. Some of the Salaf said that Allah’s Saying: Thus do We recompense those who invent lies (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:152) applies to all those who innovate in religious matters until the Day of Resurrection. Then He, Most High, informs us of His Gentleness and Mercy toward His creation and His Kindness toward His slaves, in accepting the repentance of those who turn in repentance to Him. He says, But those who committed evil deeds and then repented afterward and believed, verily, your Lord after (all) that is indeed Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:153). But Allah, Most High, did not accept the repentance of those who worshipped the calf, except by their being killed, as He, Most High, says, And (remember) when Moosa said to his people, “O, my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping the calf. So turn in repentance to your Creator and kill yourselves (the innocent kill the wrongdoers among you), that will be better for you with your Lord.” Then He accepted your repentance. Truly, He is the One Who accepts repentance, the Most Merciful. (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:54)
Then He, Most High, says, And when the anger of Moosa subsided, he took up the Tablets, and in their inscription was guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:154) Some of the scholars cited His Saying: and in their inscription (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:154) as evidence that they were destroyed; but there is some doubt about this claim; there is nothing in the wording to suggest that they were broken. And Allah knows better. ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said in the Hadith of the trial that their worship of the calf was soon after their emergence from the sea and this is not improbable, because when they came out from it, They said, “O, Moosa! Make for us an ilah (a god) as they have alihah (gods).” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:138)
And He, Most High, says, And Moosa chose out of his people seventy (of the best) men for Our appointed time and place of meeting, and when they were seized with a violent earthquake, he said, “O, my Lord, if it had been Your Will, You could have destroyed them and me before; would You destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us? It is only Your Trial by which You lead astray whom You will, and keep guided whom You will. You are our Wali (Protector), so forgive us and have Mercy on us, for You are the Best of those who forgive. And ordain for us good in this world, and in the Hereafter. Certainly we have turned unto You.” He said, “(As to) My Punishment I afflict therewith whom I will and My Mercy embraces all things. That (Mercy) I shall ordain for those who are the muttaqoon, and give zakah; and those who believe in Our Ayat; those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write (i.e. Muhammad) whom they find written with them in the Tawrah (Deut, xviii, 15) and the Injeel (John xiv, 16), – he commands them for al-ma‘roof (i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained); and forbids them from al-munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden); he allows them as lawful Tayyibat (i.e. all good and lawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc.), and prohibits them as unlawful khaba’ith (i.e. all evil and unlawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc.), he releases them from their heavy burdens (of Allah’s Covenant), and from the fetters (bindings) that were upon them. So those who believe in him (Muhammad), honor him, help him, and follow the Light (the Qur’an) which has been sent down with him, it is they who will be successful. (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:155-157)
As-Suddi, ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) and others said that these seventy were scholars from among the Children of Isra’eel and with them was Moosa (Peace be upon him), Haroon (Peace be upon him), Yoosha’, Nadab and Abihu. They went with Moosa (Peace be upon him) to ask for forgiveness for the Children of Isra’eel for their worship of the calf. They had been commanded to bathe, purify themselves and wear perfume and when they went with him and approached the mountain, it was covered with clouds and there was a column of brilliant light emanating from them. Moosa (Peace be upon him) went up the mountain. The Children of Isra’eel said that they heard the Speech of Allah and this corresponds with what was said by a group of the scholars of tafseer and they understood Allah’s Saying: …a party of them (Jewish rabbis) had heard the Word of Allah (the Tawrah), then they changed it knowingly after they had understood it. (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:75) in light of it. But this is not necessarily so, because He, Most High, says, …then grant him protection, so that he may hear the Word of Allah (the Qur’an). (Soorah At-Tawbah 9:6). That is, conveyed to him. In the same way, those (from the Children of Isra’eel) heard it from Moosa (Peace be upon him).
Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said, “Moosa (Peace be upon him) selected from among the Children of Isra’eel seventy of the best men. He said to them, “Go to the meeting with Allah and repent for what you committed. Beg His Forgiveness for those of your people whom you left behind. Fast, purify yourselves and clean your clothes.” So, he went with them to Mount Toor in Sinai for the meeting place and time designated by his Lord. He went there only with the leave and knowledge of Allah.
The seventy requested that they might hear the Speech of Allah and he (Moosa) said, “I will do so.” (i.e. I will submit your request to Allah). Then, when Moosa (Peace be upon him) approached the mountain, a column of clouds came down over it and the mountain was covered. Moosa (Peace be upon him) approached and entered the clouds and he said to the people, “Approach.” When Allah spoke to Moosa (Peace be upon him), his cloak was surrounded by a brilliant light which no human could bear to look at, so below him a barrier was placed and the people approached. When they entered the cloud they fell in prostration and they heard Him while he was speaking to Moosa (Peace be upon him), commanding him and forbidding him, saying what to do and what not to do. When He completed commanding him, and removed the cloud from Moosa (Peace be upon him), he faced the people and they said, “O, Moosa! We will not believe in you unless we see Allah directly.” So the thunder shook them, their souls were captured and they all died.
Moosa (Peace be upon him) stood up invoking, begging and supplicating to his Lord, “O, My Lord, if it had been Your will, you could have destroyed them and me before; would you destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us.” (Soorah Al-A’raf 7:55). But the thunderbolt seized them and their souls were destroyed and all of them died. Then Moosa (Peace be upon him) stood up and implored his Lord, saying, “O, my Lord, if it had been Your Will, You could have destroyed them and me before; would You destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us?” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:155). That is, do not blame us because of the actions of those foolish people among us who worshipped the calf, for we are innocent of what they did. ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him), Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Juraij said that the thunderbolt only took them because they did not forbid their people to worship the calf. As for Allah’s Saying: “It is only Your Trial” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:155), the meaning is: Your Test (of the Children of Isra’eel). This was said by ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him), Sa’eed Ibn Jubair, Abul ‘Aliyah, Ar-Rabee‘ Ibn Anas and more than one of the earlier and the later scholars. That is, it is You Who ordained this and created the affair of the calf in order to test them thereby, as Haroon (Peace be upon him) said to them before, “O, my people! You are being tried in this” (Soorah Ta Ha 20:90) means you are being tested by this; this is why Allah tells us that Moosa (Peace be upon him) said, “…by which You lead astray whom You will, and keep guided whom You will.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:155). That is, You cause to go astray whom You will by Your Trial and You guide whom You will thereby. The Judgment and the Decision belongs to You and no one can prevent or repel what You have decided and ordained. “You are our Wali (Protector), so forgive us and have Mercy on us, for You are the Best of those who forgive.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:155)
And He, Most High, says, “And ordain for us good in this world, and in the Hereafter. Certainly we have turned unto You.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:156) It means that we have repented to You, returned to You and sought forgiveness from You. This was said by ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him), Mujahid, Sa‘eed Ibn Jubair-Abul ‘Aliyah, Ibraheem At-Taimi, Adh-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qatadah and a number of others and it is also linguistically correct. He said: “(As to) My Punishment I afflict therewith whom I will and My Mercy embraces all things.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:156) That is, I punish whomsoever I will, with whatever punishment I will from among the things that I have created and ordained. “…and My Mercy embraces all things.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:156) – as confirmed in the Saheehain, from the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), who said, “When Allah created the Creation, He wrote in His Book – and He wrote (that) about Himself, and it is placed with Him on the Throne – ‘Verily My Mercy overcomes My Anger’.” “That (Mercy) I shall ordain for those who are the muttaqoon, and give zakah; and those who believe in Our Ayat” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:156) means I shall definitely ordain it for those who possess these attributes. Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write (i.e. Muhammad). (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:157) In this there is confirmation that Muhammad (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) and his nation were mentioned by Allah to Moosa (Peace be upon him) among the things which He confided to him, taught him and apprised him of.
Al-Hafiz Abu Hatim Muhammad Ibn Hatim Ibn Hibban said in his Saheeh, on the authority of Al-Mugheerah Ibn Shu‘bah (May Allah be pleased with him) who reported on the authority of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) while standing on the pulpit, “Verily, Moosa (Peace be upon him) asked his Lord, the Almighty, the All-Powerful, ‘Which of the inhabitants of Paradise will have the least rank?’ He said, ‘A man will come after the people of Paradise have entered it and it will be said to him, Enter Paradise. He will say, ‘How shall I enter Paradise when the people have entered their abodes and taken what is theirs?’ It will be said to him, ‘Would you be happy to have in Paradise what one of the kings of the Earth had?’ He will say, ‘Yes, O, my Lord!’ So it will be said to him, ‘This is yours, plus the like of it, plus the like of it again.’ He will say, ‘O, my Lord! I am well-pleased.’ It will be said to him, ‘In addition to this, yours is whatever your heart desires and whatever pleases your eye.’ And he asked his Lord, ‘Which of the people of Paradise occupy the highest position in Paradise?’ Allah said, ‘I will tell you about them: I have fixed their nobility with My Own Hands and sealed it and no eye has seen Paradise, no ear has heard it and it cannot be imagined by the mind of any human being’.”
Ibn Hibban said, on the authority of Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him), that he reported from the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said, “Moosa (Peace be upon him) asked his Lord, the Almighty, the All-Powerful about six qualities which he believed belonged to him, and a seventh, which Moosa (Peace be upon him) did not like. He said, “O, my Lord! Which of your slaves is the most pious?” He said, “The one who remembers (Allah) and does not forget (Him).” Moosa (Peace be upon him) then asked, “And which of Your slaves is most rightly guided?” Allah said, “He who follows the (Divine) guidance.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) then asked, “And which of Your slaves is most judicious?” Allah said, “The one who judges for the people as he judges for himself.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) said, “And which of Your slaves is most knowledgeable?” Allah said, “The scholar whose appetite for knowledge is never satisfied; he combines the knowledge of the people with his (own) knowledge.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) then said, “And which of Your slaves is most mighty?” Allah replied, “He who, when he is master, displays forgiveness.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) then asked, “And which of Your slaves is wealthiest?” Allah answered, “He who is happy with what he is given.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) then said, “And which of Your slaves is poorest?” Allah said, “The one who possesses manqoos.” The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “(True) wealth is not that which is apparent; it is only wealth of the soul. And when Allah wills something good for a slave, He places his wealth in his soul and his piety in his heart. But if He wills something bad for a slave, He places his poverty in front of his eyes (i.e. He makes him feel it and he is always discontented).”
Ibn Hibban said that the possessor of “manqoos” means the one who is dissatisfied with his circumstances; he regards what he has been given as insufficient and seeks more.
Ibn Hibban said, “Allah’s Kaleem asked his Lord to teach him something by which he might remember Him”. It was reported on the authority of Abu Sa‘eed Al-Khudri from the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said, “Moosa said, ‘O, my Lord! Teach me something by which I might remember You and supplicate You.’ Allah said, ‘Say, O, Moosa, ‘La ilaha ill-Allah (none has the right to be worshipped except Allah)’.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) said, “O, my Lord! All of your slaves say this.” Allah said, “Say ‘La ilaha ill-Allah (none has the right to be worshipped except Allah)’.” Moosa (Peace be upon him) said, “I only want You to give something special for me.” Allah said, “O, Moosa! If all of the inhabitants of the seven heavens and the seven earths were placed in a scale and ‘La ilaha ill-Allah, was placed in (the other side of) it, ‘La ilaha ill-Allah (none has the right to be worshipped except Allah)’ would be heavier than they.”
This Hadith is supported by the Hadith of Al-Bitaqah and the nearest thing to its meaning is the Hadith narrated in the Sunan from the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), in which it is reported that he said, “The best invocation is the invocation on ‘Arafah and the best thing that I and the Prophets who came before me have said is: ‘La ilaha ill-Allah Wahdahu la shareeka Lahu; Lahul-mulku wa Lahul-hamdu wa Huwa ‘ala kulli shay’in Qadeer (none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, Alone, without partners; His is the Kingdom and to Him belongs all praise and He is Able to do all things)’.”
Ibn Abi Hatim said, in the explanation of “Ayat Al-Kursi”, “It is reported on the authority of ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Children of Isra’eel asked Moosa (Peace be upon him), “Does your Lord sleep?” He said, “Fear Allah!” Then his Lord, the Almighty, the All-Powerful called him (saying), “O, Moosa! They asked you if your Lord sleeps; take two bottles in your hands and stand for the whole night.” So Moosa (Peace be upon him) did so, and when a third of the night had passed, he became drowsy and fell to his knees; then he recovered and retained his grip on them. But toward the end of the night, he became drowsy and the two bottles fell and smashed. Then Allah said, “O, Moosa! If I were to sleep, the heavens and the Earth would fall and be destroyed, just as the two bottles in your hands were destroyed.” Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said, “So Allah sent down to His Messenger (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) Ayat Al-Kursi.”
And He, Most High, says, “And (remember) when We raised the mountain over them as if it had been a canopy, and they thought that it was going to fall on them. (We said), ‘Hold firmly to what We have given you (i.e. the Tawrah), and remember that which is therein (act on its Commandments), so that you may fear Allah and obey Him.” (Soorah Al-A‘raf 7:171)
‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) and more than one of the Salaf said, “When Moosa (Peace be upon him) came to them with the Tablets on which was written the Tawrah, he ordered them to accept them and hold onto them with strength and determination, but they said, “Announce them to us, and if their commands and prohibitions are easy, we will accept them.” He said, “Nay, you must accept them with all that they entail.” But they examined them over and over again, until Allah raised the mountain over their heads, so that it became like a canopy over them, i.e. like a cloud over their heads and it was said to them, “If you do not accept them and all that they entail, this mountain will fall on you.” So they accepted that and then they were commanded to prostrate, which they did. But they began to look toward the mountain, from the sides of their faces and this became a Sunnah for the Jews until this day. They say, “There is no prostration greater than the prostration in which the punishment was lifted from us.” Sunaid Ibn Dawood reported on the authority of Hajjaj Ibn Muhammad, who in turn reported on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn ‘Abdullah that he said, “When he proclaimed them (the Commandments) to them, there was not a mountain, a tree or a rock on the face of the Earth that did not shake and there is not a Jew on the face of the Earth – whether great or small – who does not tremble when the Tawrah is recited to him and shake his head.” Allah, Most High, says, “Then after that you turned away” (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:64) means then after witnessing this great covenant and this momentous matter, you violated your oaths and your covenants. “Had it not been for the Grace and Mercy of Allah upon you” (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:64) means that He sent to you a succession of Messengers and sent down to you His Books “indeed you would have been among the losers.” (Soorah Al-Baqarah 2:64)
By Ibn Katheer
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