5. TAKING A HUMAN LIFE
An expiation is due to Allah Most High from anyone who kills someone unlawful to kill, whether the killing is through a mistake or is intentional, and no matter whether retaliation or an indemnity (04) is obligatory or not.
The expiation consists of freeing a slave, or if one cannot, then two consecutive months of fasting. (There is no difference in this precedence order whether the killer is legally accountable or not, as when he is a child or insane, in which case the guardian must free a slave on his behalf. (Though if a child fasts, it fulfills the expiation.)
(There is no expiation for killing someone who has left Islam, a highwayman, or a convicted married adulterer, even when someone besides the caliph kills him.)
(Source: The reliance of the traveller, revised edition, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller)
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