4. THE EFFECTS OF CAMEL MILK ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION
The prevalence of liver disease and increased liver enzyme levels is common in people with DM. Elevation in the levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetic patients reflect the concentration of intracellular hepatic enzymes that have leaked into the circulation and serve as a marker of hepatocyte injury . The beneficial health effects of camel milk were extended to the liver and kidney function. Hamad et al found a significant development in liver function parameters (e.g., ALT and AST activities) appeared within diabetic rat groups treated with camel, cow, and buffalo milk. The greatest improvement was seen in rats fed camel milk: 41% improvement for ALT and 38% improvement for AST. Khan et al evaluated the effects of camel milk on liver function of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results of their study showed that feeding rats camel milk for 1 month results in a
dramatic shift towards a normal level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Diabetic nephropathy is originally microvascular in nature and is widely considered an important complication of diabetes. Albuminuria is a well-known predictor of poor renal outcomes. Microalbuminuria (i.e., urine albumin) is defined as levels of albumin ranging 30e300 mg in a 24-hour urine collection . Camel milk has potential role in controlling microalbuminuria levels in type 1 diabetic patients . A significant reduction (p < 0.001) in microalbuminuria levels has been reported (from 119.48 ± 1.68 mg/dL to 22.52 ± 2.68 mg/dL) in type 1 diabetic patients after adding camel milk to the usual diet for 6 months. Mohamad et al similarly found that the microalbuminuria level decreased from 92.08 ± 15.18 to 75.75 ± 3.17 after 24 hours in type 1 diabetic patients treated with camel milk. Furthermore, kidney function parameters (e.g., levels of uric acid, urea, and creatinine) were enhanced significantly to the normal level in diabetic rats fed camel milk .
Source: Science Direct
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