24. THE ‘UMRAH OF JI‘RANAH IN DHUL-QA‘DAH
Imam Ahmad related to the authority of Qatadah who narrated that “I asked Anas Ibn Malik: ‘How many Hajj did Allah’s Messenger perform?’ He said: ‘He performed Hajj once and ‘Umrah four times; one ‘Umrah at the time of Hudaibiyah, one in Dhul-Qa‘dah from Madinah and yet another from Ji‘ranah in Dhul-Qa‘dah when he distributed the booty of Hunain and the fourth one was with his Hajj’.”
On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas who narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed four ‘Umrahs; the ‘Umrah of Hudaibiyah, the ‘Umrah of redemption, the third is the ‘Umrah from Ji‘ranah and the fourth was the one he performed along with his Hajj.
I say: Nafi’ and his teacher, Ibn ‘Umar, used to object to the claim that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed ‘Umrah from Ji‘ranah at all and that is contained in what Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Ibn ‘Umar that ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab said: “O Allah’s Messenger! I vowed to observe I‘tikaf for one day during the pre-Islamic period.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered him to fulfill his vow. ‘Umar gained two lady captives from the war prisoners of Hunain and he left them in some of the houses at Makkah. When Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, freed the captives of Hunain without ransom, they came out walking in the streets. ‘Umar said (to his son): “O ‘Abdullah! See what the matter is.” ‘Abdullah replied: “Allah’s Messenger has freed the captives without ransom.” He said (to him): “Go and set free those two slave-girls.” (Nafi’ added:)Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not perform the ‘Umrah from Ji‘ranah, and if he had performed the ‘Umrah, it would not have been hidden from ‘Abdullah.
It is also recorded in the Saheehain on the authority of ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) that she objected to Ibn ‘Umar’s saying that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed ‘Umrah in Rajab and she said: “May Allah forgive Abu ‘Abdur Rahman, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, never performed ‘Umrah except that he was present but he never performed any ‘Umrah in Rajab.”
On the authority of Mukharrish Al-Kalbi who narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, proceeded from Ji‘ranah for ‘Umrah in the night. He entered Makkah by night to perform his rites of ‘Umrah and then went out again back to Ji‘ranah under the cover of the darkness like the one who spent the night (sleeping). He remained till the decline of the sun (from its zenith), then he proceeded from Ji‘ranah amid pomp until he beat the road to Madinah. Mukharrish said: “This is why his ‘Umrah was inconspicuous to many people.”
The import of this is that the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah is confirmed by authentic texts which can neither be interdicted nor refuted and whoever obviates it is bereft of evidence against the one who affirms it. And Allah (SWT) knows best. He also cast doubt at those who reconciled that it occurred in DhulQa‘dah after the Ghazwah of Ta’if and then he distributed the booty of Hunain.
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Ya‘la that he used to say: “I wish I could see Allah’s Messenger at the time of his Divine inspiration.” Ya‘la added: “While the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was at Ji‘ranah, shaded under a cloth sheet (in the form of a tent) with some of his Companions, a Bedouin wearing a cloak and perfumed extravagantly suddenly came to him and asked: ‘O Allah’s Messenger, what is your opinion regarding a man who assumes the state of Ihram for ‘Umrah wearing a cloak after applying perfume to his body?’ ‘Umar signaled with his hand to Ya‘la to come (near). Ya‘la came and put his head (underneath that cloth sheet) and saw the Prophet red-faced, and when that state (of the Prophet) was over, he asked: ‘Where is the one who had asked me about ‘Umrah?’ The man was looked for and brought to the Prophet. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said (to him): ‘As for the perfume you have applied to your body, wash it off thrice, and take off your cloak, and then in your ‘Umrah perform the rites that you do in your Hajj’.”
On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas who narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions proceeded on ‘Umrah from Ji‘ranah and they walked briskly around the House (Ka‘bah) in three circuits and
walked the remaining four circuits; they wore their Rida’ under their right armpit and over their left shoulder.
Ibn ‘Abbas informed him that Mu‘awiyah narrated to him saying: “I shaved the hair of Allah’s Messenger with a long blade.” Or he said: “I saw him having his hair cut at Al-Marwah.” (3) The import of that is an indication that the haircut must have occurred
in the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah. This is because in the ‘Umrah of Hudaibiyah, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not enter Makkah as he was prevented, and this has been explained previously. As for the ‘Umrah of redemption, Abu Sufyan had not accepted Islam and none of the inhabitants of Makkah remained in the town when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered it.
Rather, they vacated the town for a period of three days during which the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, remained in Makkah. Concerning his ‘Umrah, which he performed along with his Hajj, he did not come out of Ihram after it (the ‘Umrah rites) by consensus. It becomes clear that cutting of the hair, which Mu‘awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan performed on the hair of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at al-Marwah was at the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah as we have said. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
Muhammad Ibn Ishaq related that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, proceeded from Ji‘ranah for ‘Umrah and he ordered that the remaining booty of war be brought, and it was kept at Majannah in the direction of Marraz-Zahran. Obviously, he deliberately left some of the booty so as to distribute it to the Arab tribesmen living between Makkah and Madinah.
Ibn Ishaq related that when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, completed his ‘Umrah rites, he returned to Madinah and appointed ‘Attab Ibn ‘Aseed to govern Makkah and left Mu’adh Ibn Jabal to teach the people the religion and the recitation of the Qur’an.
‘Urwah and Moosa Ibn ‘Uqbah mentioned that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, left Mu’adh with ‘Attab at Makkah before his departure to Hawazin, and he also deputized both of them again when he returned to Madinah.
Ibn Ishaq related that the people performed Hajj in a similar manner that the Arabs used to perform Hajj. In the same year, ‘Attab Ibn Aseed led the people in the performance of Hajj, and that was in the 8th year. He added: The inhabitants of Ta’if persisted in their polytheism and recalcitrance in their vacillation for the period between Dhul-Qa‘dah and Ramadan of the 9th year.
By: Ibn Katheer
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