126. YEAR 11 FROM HIJRAH
The year began and the noble Prophet and the travelers returned to Madinah from the Farewell Pilgrimage and in this year great matters occurred; from the greatest matters was the catastrophe that was the death of the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). However, Allah, Almighty, moved him from this temporary world to the eternal pleasure in a lofty high place, and a level in Paradise that has no level higher than it. Allah said: And the hereafter is better for you than the first (life). And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied. (Soorah Duha: 4,5). And that is after he finished conveying the message that Allah commanded him to propagate, and he advised his nation, and showed to them that which he knew from good, and he warned them and prohibited them from that which was harmful for them in this world and the hereafter.
We already mentioned what the authors of the two authentic books (Imam AlBukhari and Muslim) mentioned from the Hadith of ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab that he said: The statement of Allah was revealed: Today I have completed for you your religion (Soorah Al-Ma’idah: on the day of Jumu‘ah and the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) was standing in ‘Arafat.
We learned from a good route that ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khattab cried when this Verse was revealed, so it was asked: “What causes you to cry?” He replied: “There is nothing after perfection except deficiency,” and it was thought he felt the death of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). And indeed he, may the prayers of Allah and peace be upon him, indicated this in the narration of Muslim which he narrated from Jabir: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) stood at Jamrat Al-‘Aqabah and said to us: “Take from me yourrights (of Hajj), for perhaps I may not perform Hajj after this year of mine.”
Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar and Al-Baihaqi narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that when Soorah An-Nasr was revealed in the middle of the days of Tashreeq, the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) knew it was a farewell so he ordered for his riding animal Al-Qaswa’ and then left. He then mentioned the sermon that was preceded. Similarly Ibn ‘Abbas said to ‘Umar when he asked him about the explanation of this Soorah in the presence of many of the Companions to show them the virtue of Ibn ‘Abbas and his advancement and knowledge, as some of them blamed him for bringing forth and seating him amongst the veterans of Badr. He said, “Indeed he is from where you know (i.e. the family of the Prophet),” then he asked them in the presence of Ibn ‘Abbas about the explanation of this Soorah: When the victory of Allah has come and conquest. And you see the people entering into the religion of Allah in multitudes. Then exalt (Him) with Praise of your Lord and ask for forgiveness from Him. Indeed He is ever Accepting of repentance. (Soorah An- Nasr: 1-3) They said: “We have been commanded when we are victorious (in conquest) that we remember Allah and we praise Him and ask for forgiveness.” Then he asked: “What do you say, O Ibn ‘Abbas?” He replied: “The time of the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) is being announced to him.” Then ‘Umar said: “I don’t know from it except that which you know.” We indeed mentioned it in the explanation of this Soorah that illustrates the statement of Ibn ‘Abbas from different perspectives even though it does not negate alos that which the Companions said in explanation of it.
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said when He performed Hajj with his wives: “It is only this pilgrimage, then stick to the surfaces of the rugs.” This was the point that the soul felt his passing was imminent in that year, and we will mention that and relay that which has been narrated with regards to it from Ahadeeth and narrations and with Allah is help sought. Let us mention before that what the Imams Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar, Abu Ja‘afar Ibn Jareer, and Abu Bakr Al-Baihaqi said at this point before the death of the Prophet from the number of his pilgrimages, battles, brigades, letters and messengers to the kings. So let us mention that abridged and summarized then we will follow that up with the death of the Prophet.
In the Saheehain Zaid ibn Arqam narrated: Verily the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought 19 battles, and made pilgrimage after He migrated, the Farewell Pilgrimage, and never made pilgrimage after that. Abu Ishaq said: And one in Makkah. And we mentioned earlier from more than one of the Companions, from them Anas Ibn Malik in theSaheehain: Indeed he performed four ‘Umrahs: ‘Umrah of Hudaybiyyah, ‘Umrah of Al-Qada’, ‘Umrah of Al-Ji‘ranah and the ‘Umrah of the Farewell Pilgrimage.
As for the battles, Al-Bukhari narrated from Salamah Ibn Al- Akwa‘: I fought with the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) seven battles, and with Zaid Ibn Harithah nine battles in which the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) placed him in command over us. In the Saheehain from Salamah: “I fought with the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) seven battles, and from that which he would send from expeditions (brigades) nine battles, at one time with Abu Bakr in charge and at one time Usamah Ibn Zaid.”
And in Saheeh Al-Bukhari Al-Bara’ who said: The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought 15 battles. Zaid Ibn Arqam said, as recorded in the Saheehain: Verily the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought 19 battles and I was present in 17of them.
Ibn Buraidah related from his father: He truly fought battles with the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). In a narration from Muslim from the route of Al-Husain Ibn Waqid from Abdullah Ibn Buraidah from his father: He fought with the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) battles and fought in eight from them. In a narration from him with this chain (of narrators): He sent 24 brigades, he fought on the day of Badr, Uhud, Al-Ahzab, Al- Muraisee‘, Qudaid, Khaibar, Makkah and Hunain.
In Saheeh Muslim from the Hadith of Abu Zubair from Jabir: Verily the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought 21 battles, I fought with him in 19 battles, and I did not attend Badr or Uhud, as my father prevented me. When my father was killed in Uhud I did not miss any battle that he fought in.
Sa’eed Ibn Al-Musayyab narrated: the Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought in 18 battles. He said: I heard him another time say: 24 battles, and so I don’t know if that was a misconception or something that I heard afterwards.
Abu Qatadah said: “The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) fought in 19 battles, he participated in eight of them, and sent from the brigades 24,” so all of his battles and brigades were 43 (in total).
‘Urwah Ibn Az-Zubair mentioned and Az-Dhuhri, Moosa Ibn ‘Uqbah, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar and more than one of the Imams concerning this matter: Verily he fought on the Dayof Badr in Ramadan in the second year (since Hijrah), then in Uhud in Shawwal of the third year, then Al-Khandaq, and Banu Quraizah in Shawwal also of the fourth year, and its mentioned the fifth year. Then in Bani Al-Mustaliq at Al-Muraisee’ in Sha‘ban in year 5, then in Khaibar in Safar in year 7, and from them are those who say year 6 and the truth is that it was at the start of year 7 and the end of year 6. Then he fought the people of Makkah in Ramadan year 8 and fought against Hawazin and laid siege to the people of Tai’f in Shawwal and some of Dhul- Hijjah year 8 as is mentioned in detail before. And Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said: And the total number of battles that he fought were 27:
The Battle of Waddan and that is the Battle of Al-Abwa’ The Battle of Buwat from the direction of Radwa The Battle of Al-Ishirah from the middle of Yanbu‘ The first Battle of Badr (the request of Kurz ibn Jabir), The great Battle of Badr in which he fought against the bravest of the Quraish The Battle of Bani Sulaim until he reached Al-Kudr The Battle of As-Saweeq in search of Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb The Battle of Ghatfan and it was the Battle of Dhi Amr The Battle of Najran The Battle of Uhud The Battle Hamra’al-Asad The Battle of Banu Nadheer The Battle of Dhaat ar-Riqa‘ The Battle of Badr Al-Akhirah (last)
The Battle Doomatal Jandal The Battle of Al-Khandaq then Bani Al-Quraidhah then Bani Lihyan from Hudhail then Dhu Qarad then Bani Al-Mustaliq from Khuza‘ah then Al- Hudaibiyyah, not wanting battle when the polytheists blocked his path then Khaibar then ‘Umrah al-Qada’ and Al-Fath (Conquest of Makkah) then Hunain then At-Tai’f and then Tabook. Ibn Ishaq said: He fought in nine of them: Badr, Uhud, Al- Khandaq, Quraidhah, Al-Mustaliq, Khaibar, Al-Fath, Hunain and At-Ta’if. I say that all of that has been mentioned in much detail in their places with their evidence and proofs.
By: Ibn Katheer
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