121. HIS TAWAF AL-IFADAH
Jabir related: The Messenger of Allah, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), again rode and came to the House, and offered the Dhuhr prayers at Makkah. He came to the tribe of ‘Abdul-Muttalib, who were supplying water at Zamzam, and said: “Draw water. O Bani ‘Abdul-Muttalib, were it not that people would usurp this right of supplying water from you, I would have drawn it along with you. So they handed him a basket and he drank from it.” This is related by Muslim. These Wordings contain an indication that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), road to Makkah before the Zawal. He circumambulated the House and when he completed that, he offered Dhuhr prayers there.
Ibn ‘Umar narrated that Allah’s Messenger, (PBUH), performed Tawaf Al-Ifadah on the Day of Nahr and then returned to perform the Dhuhr prayers at Mina This is a contradiction to the Hadith of Jabir both of them related by Muslim. The flaw in both is that it is possible to say that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him),offered the Dhuhr prayers in Makkah and then returned to Mina and he found that the people were already waiting for him, so he led them again. And Allah (SWT) knows best. His return to Mina at the time of Dhuhr is possible because it was summertime when the day is usually longer, especially since a lot of actions have reached us from him on the same day. He returned from Muzdalifah after the day had brightened but before sunrise. He came to Mina and started with the stoning of the Jamrat Al- ‘Aqabah with seven pebbles. Then he came to sacrifice with his own hands sixty-three camels and ‘Ali sacrificed the remainder of the 100 camels. Then he took a piece of flesh from each animal sacrificed, put them in a pot, and when it was cooked, he took some meat out of it and drank from its broth. In the meantime, he shaved his head and applied perfume. After he had finished all that, he rode to the House. On this same day, Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), delivered a compelling address. I do not know whether it took place before going to the House or upon his return to Mina. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
The import of this is that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), rode to the House and circumambulated it seven times riding, but he did not run between Safa and Marwah as confirmed in Saheeh Muslim on the authority of Jabir and ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her), may Allah be pleased with both of them. Then he drank from the Zamzamwater and from an infusion of dates in Zamzam water. All of this strengthens the position of the one who argues that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), offered the Dhuhr prayers in Makkah as related by Jabir. It is equally possible that he returned to Mina at the tail end of the time of Dhuhr and he led his Companions again in the Dhuhr prayers at Mina. This is what is perplexing for Ibn Hazm and he did not know what to say concerning it. He is excused because of the contradiction between two authentic texts on it. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) narrated: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), did Tawaf Al-Ifadah at the end of that day when he had offered the Dhuhr prayers and then he returned to Mina and remained there for the nights of the days of Tashreeq, stoning the Jamrah after the decline of the sun (from the zenith) pelting each Jamrah with seven pebbles and saying Allahu Akbar with each pebble.
Ibn Hazm said: Here, ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) and Jabir agree on the fact that the Messenger of Allah, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), offered the Dhuhr prayers at Makkah on the Day of Nahr and they are more precise, AndAllah (SWT) knows best, than Ibn ‘Umar. This is what he said but there is no proof in this. This narration of ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) does not textually prove that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), offered the Dhuhr prayers in Makkah. Thus, this is proof that he offered the Dhuhr prayers at Mina before he went to the House. This is more probable. And Allah (SWT) knows best. Based on this, it remains only the contradiction of the Hadith of Jabir for this implies that he prayed the Dhuhr at Mina before he rode to the House. The Hadith of Jabir implies that he rode to the House before he prayed the Dhuhr prayers and offered it in Makkah.
‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) and Ibn ‘Umar narrated that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him),visited (the House) at night. If this is understood to mean after Zawal toward the evening, that may be correct. But if it is understood to mean after sunset, then this is quite remote and contradicts what is established in well-known authentic Ahadeeth which state that he circumambulated the House on the Day of Nahr during the day time and he drank from the Zamzam water. The Tawaf for which he went to the House at night was that of Wadaa’ (farewell). There are narrators which refer to Tawaf as a visit as we shall shortly explain insha’Allah. Or it may even be ordinary Tawaf Ziyarah before Tawaf Al-Wadaa’ after the obligatory Tawaf.
A Hadith has been related, which we shall cite in its proper place, that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), used to visit the House every night during the nights of Mina. This is also very improbable.
The more authentic of those narrations and the opinions upon which the majority of scholars are upon is that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), circumambulated on the Day of Nahr during the day time and much more likely before the Zawal but with a possibility that it may have occurred after the Zawal.
The import of this is that when Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), arrived at Makkah, he circumambulated the House while mounted and then he came to the Zamzam where he found Banu ‘AbdulMuttalib drawing water from it and providing it to the people. He took a bucket of water and drank from it and poured some on himself.
On the authority of Bakr Ibn ‘Abdullah Al-Muzani who narrated that he heard Ibn ‘Abbas say while sitting near the Ka‘bah: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), came here riding his she-camel, and Usamah was sitting behind him. He asked for water, and we gave him a cup full of Nabeedh (infusion of dates) and he drank it, and gave the remaining (part)to Usamah; and he (the Prophet) said: “Good!You have done well! So continue doing like it.” So we do not like to change what Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), had commanded us to do. In another version of the Hadith fromBakr, a Bedouin came to Ibn ‘Abbas and said: “What is the matter that I see that the progeny of your uncle supplies honey and milk (as drink to the travelers), whereas you supply Nabeedh (water sweetened with dates)? Is it due to your poverty or due to your close-fisted attitude?” Thereupon Ibn ‘Abbas narrated this Hadith.
Ibn ‘Abbas narrated that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), came to the drinking place and asked for water. ‘Abbas said, “O Fadhl! Go to your mother and bring water from her for Allah’s Messenger.” Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said, “Give me water to drink.” ‘Abbas said, “O Allah’s Messenger! The people put their hands in it.” Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), again said, ‘Give me water to drink. So, he drank from that water and then went to the Zamzam (well) and there the people were offering water to others and working at it (drawing water from the well). The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), then said to them, “Carry on! You are doing a good deed.” Then he said, “Were I not afraid that other people would compete with you (in drawing water from Zamzam), I would certainly take the rope and put it over this (i.e. his shoulder) to draw water,” on saying that the Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), pointed to his shoulder.Afterward, Allah’s Messenger did not repeat running between Safa and Marwah for the second time; rather, he was contented with the first one. This is as related by Muslim on the authority of Jabir Ibn ‘Abdullah who said: The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), and his Companions did not perform Sa‘i except once.
Those referred to here as “his Companions”, are the ones who brought their Hady along with them and were performing Hajj-Qiran. It is recorded in Saheeh Muslim that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said to ‘A’ishah(May Allah be pleased with her) who had combined Hajj with ‘Umrah and thus was also a Qiran pilgrim: “Your Sa’i suffices for your Hajj and your ‘Umrah.”
According to Imam Ahmad and his companions, the position of Jabir and his companions is generally applicable to both those performing Hajj-Qiran as well those performing Hajj-Tamattu‘. Thus, Imam Ahmad posits that one round between Safa andMarwah suffices for both ‘Umrah and Hajj of a Tamattu’ pilgrim even though he removes his Ihram between them. This is a strange position relying on the apparent general (meaning) of the Hadith.
The companions of Abu Hanifah hold the same opinion as their counterparts in the Maliki and Shafi‘i schools that two Tawafs and two Sa‘is are due upon a Tamattu’ pilgrim until the Hanafi even applied that to a Qarin and it is one of the odd positions of their madhhab. That is, a Qarin must also perform two Tawafs and two Sa’is. They related that opinion from ‘Ali in a mawqoof form. It is also reported from him in a form raised (to the Prophet) but we have earlier discussed all of these under the Tawaf and we explained that the chains of that (Hadith) are weak and contradict more authentic Ahadeeth.
‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) narrated: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) performed (Tawaf) Al-Ifadah at the end of that day when he had offered the Dhuhr prayers and then he returned to Mina and remained there for the nights of the days of Tashreeq, stoning the Jamrah after the descent of the sun (from the Zenith) pelting each Jamrah with seven pebbles and saying Allahu Akbar with each pebble. This is related by Abu Dawood exclusively. This is a pointer to the fact that his going to Makkah on the Day of Nahr was after Zawal. This is an outright negation of the Hadith of Ibn ‘Umar. Concerning its contradiction to the Hadith of Jabir, then that is doubtful.
Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), delivered a compelling Khutbah on this honored day which has been reported in many Ahadeeth and here we cite from them what Allah has made easy:
Al-Bukhari said in the chapter which address in the days of Mina that on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas who narrated that Allah’sMessenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), delivered a sermon on the Day of Nahr, and said: “O people! (Tell me) what is the day today?” The people replied: “It is the Sacred day.” He asked again: “What town is this?” They replied: “It is a Sacred town.” He asked: “Which month is this?” They replied: “It is the Sacred month.” He said: “No doubt! Your blood, your properties, and your honor are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this town of yours, and in this month of yours.” The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), repeated his statement again and again. After that he raised his head and said: “O Allah! Have I not conveyed Your Message to them? O Allah! Have I not conveyed Your
Message to them?” Ibn Abbas added: “By Him in Whose Hands is my soul, the following was the Prophet’s will to his followers:It is incumbent upon those who are present to convey this information to those who are absent; beware and do not renegade (as) disbelievers (turn into infidels) after me, striking the necks (cutting the throats) of one another.”
On the authority of Abi Bakrah who narrated: The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), delivered a sermon to us on the Day of Nahr. He said: “Do you know what today is?” We said: “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He remained silent until we thought that he might give that day another name. He said: “Isn’t it the Day of Nahr?” We said: “It is.” He further asked: “Which month is this?” We said: “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He remained silent until we thought that he might give it another name. He then said: “Isn’t it the month of Dhul-Hijjah?” We replied: “Yes! It is.” He further asked: “What town is this?” We replied: “Allah and His Messenger know it best.” He remained silent until we thought that he might give it another name. He then said: “Isn’t it the Sacred town of Makkah?” We said: “Yes. It is.” He said: “No doubt, your blood and your properties are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours, until the day you meet your Lord. No doubt! Haven’t I conveyed Allah’s message to you?” They said: “Yes.” He said: “O Allah! Be witness. So it is incumbent upon those who are present to convey it to those who are absent because the informed one might comprehend it better than the present audience, who will convey it to him. Beware! Do not renegade as disbelievers after me by striking the necks of one another.”
The deliverance of this address at the Jamrahs makes it possible to claim that it was after he had stoned the Jamrah on the Day of Nahr and before his Tawaf. It is equally possible that it occurred after his Tawaf and return to Mina and stoning the Jamrahs. However, the former is strengthened by what is related by An-Nasa’i.
Muslim has related that Umm Al-Husain narrated: I performed Hajj along with Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage and I saw him when he threw pebbles atJamrat Al-Aqabah and returned while he was riding the camel, and Bilal and Usamah were with him. One of them was leading his camel, while the other was raising his cloth over the head of Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), to shield him from the heat (of the sun). She (further) said: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said so many things, and I heard him say: “If a slave having some limb of his missing and having a dark complexion is appointed to govern you according to the Book of Allah, then listen to him and obey him.”
On the authority of Salamah Ibn Qais Al-Ashja‘i who said: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said during the Farewell Pilgrimage: “They are four: Do not associate any partner with Allah. Do not take a life which Allah has forbidden to be taken except by right, do not commit adultery and do not steal.” Since I heard it from Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), no one has been more careful not to fall into them than me.“
Ibn Hazm said in Hajjat Al-Wadaa’ on the authority of Usamah Ibn Shareek who said: I witnessed Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), giving an address during the Farewell Pilgrimage and he was saying: “Your mother, your father, your sister, your brother and then other relatives in descending order.” Then some people came and said: O Messenger of Allah, Banu Yurboo’ had fought us whereupon Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said: “No one should falsely accuse another.” Then a man who had forgotten to stone came and asked him for a (religious) verdict and he said: “Go ahead and stone, there is no harm.” Another person came and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I forgot to circumambulate.” The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), answered: “Go ahead and circumambulate, there is no harm.” And yet another man who had shaved before he slaughtered came to seek his verdict and he said to him: “Go ahead and slaughter, there is no harm.” He was not asked about anything that day except that he said, there is no harm. Thereafter, he said: “Allah has removed all harms except for someone who falsely tarnish the honor of another Muslim. Such is a person for whom there is harm and destruction.” He added: “Allah does not sent down a disease except that He also sends down its cure, except for old age.”
On the authority of Jareer who narrated: The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said to me during the FarewellPilgrimage: “O Jareer, let the people keep quiet and listen.” Then he said to the people: “Do not revert to disbelief after me by striking the necks of one another.”
On the authority of ‘Amr who reported from his father who said: During the Farewell Pilgrimage, I witnessed Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), saying: “O people, (saying that three times) what day is this?” The people responded: “The day of the great pilgrimage.” The Prophet, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), then said: “Certainly, your blood, your wealth and your honor are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours. The sin of a sinner shall not be blamed on his children nor that of a child blamed on his father. Verily, Shaitan has lost hope of being worshipped in this land of yours forever, however, he will be obeyed in some of the little things of your action and he would be pleased. Verily, all usury of the time of ignorance shall henceforth be waived, yours is the principal of your money. Do not oppress and do not (accept to) be oppressed.”
Imam Ahmad related on the authority of Abu Umamah who said: I heard Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), say while he was sitting on Al-Jad‘a’ (one of his camels) and his legs were on the stirrup stretching so that the people may hear him. He said at the height of his voice: “Won’t you listen!” A man among the groups of people present said: “OMessenger of Allah, what do you recommend to us?” He said: “Worship your Lord, offer your five daily prayers, fast your month (of Ramadan) and obey when you are commanded and you will enter the Paradise of your Lord.” I (the sub-narrator) said: “Abu Umamah, how old were you at the time?” He said: “At the time, I was thirty years old.”
On the authority of Abu Umamah Al-Bahili who narrated: I heard Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), say in his Khutbah during the Farewell Pilgrimage: “Allah has given rights to their respective owners and that it is not permissible to make a will for a rightful inheritor. A child is attributed to the (owner of the) bed and the stone is for the adulterer. Whoever attributes himself to other than his rightful father or affiliates himself to other than his rightful mawla, upon him shall be the curse of Allah that will follow him until the Day of Resurrection. A woman should not give out anything from her(husband) house except with her husband’s permission.” It was said: “O Messenger of Allah, not even food?” He said: “That is the best of our wealth.” Then Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said: “Loan is to be repaid, a gift is reciprocated, a debt is offset and a guarantor is liable.”
On the authority of Rafi’ Ibn ‘Amr Al-Muzani who narrated: I saw Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), giving an address at Mina during the late morning on a reddish mule while Ali was articulating for himand the people were either standing or sitting.”
On the authority of ‘Abdur Rahman Ibn Mu‘aadh At-Taimi who said: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), addressed us while we were at Mina. Our hearings were wide open in such a way that we could hear what he was saying even while we were inside our lodgings. Then he began to teach them their rites till he got to the Jamrahs then he put together his two forefingers and said: “With small pebbles.” Then he ordered the Emigrants to camp in front of the mosque and the Ansar to camp at the back and other people encamped after that.
It is recorded in the Saheehain that ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Amr Ibn Al- ‘As narrated: “I witnessed the Prophet, (Peace and Blessings ofAllah be upon him), while he was delivering a sermon on the Day of Nahr (i.e., 10th Dhul-Hijjah, day of slaughtering the sacrifice), a man got up saying: ‘I thought, Allah’s Messenger, such-and- such a thing was to be done before such-and-such a thing.’
Another man got up, saying, ‘I thought, Allah’s Messenger, such- and-such a thing was to be done before such-and-such a thing.’Then Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said: ‘Do, and there is no harm’.” It is related from theHadith of Malik, Muslim and Yoonus from Az-Dhuhri. It has numerous wordings and this is not the right place to examine that. Its proper place is the Book of Ahkam (rulings). In the wording of the Saheehain he said: Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), was not asked about anything brought forward or delayed that day except that he said: “Do, and there is no harm.”
Then Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), alighted at Mina where the mosque is currently located according to a report. The Emigrants encamped on the right, the Ansar encamped on the left and the (other) people encamped around behind them. Ibn ‘Umar narrated: Al-‘Abbas sought permission of Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), to stay in Makkah during the nights of Mina for the provision of water and he permitted him.”
Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), used to lead his Companions in Mina in two Raka‘ahs established in narrations from him in the Saheehain from the Hadith of Ibn Mas‘ood and Harithah Ibn Wahb, may Allah be pleased with them both. Thus, a section of scholars posits that the reason for this shortening was Nusuk (sacrifice) as opined by some Malikis and others. They said: Whoever says that the Messenger of Allah, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), said in Mina to the people of Makkah: “Complete your prayers for we are travelers” is mistaken for he said that during the year of the Conquest when he disembarked at Al-Abtah as stated earlier. He used to pelt the three Jamrahs every day during the days of Mina after the Zawal on foot as stated by Jabir earlier and as stated by Ibn ‘Umar among the Salaf, each Jamrah was pelted with seven pebbles and he uttered Allahu Akbar at each throw of the pebble. He stopped at the first and second to supplicate Allah but he did not stop at the third.
It is narrated that Ibn ‘Umar used to stone the nearest Jamrah with seven pebbles saying Allahu Akbar at the end of each pebble throw then he would move ahead slightly to a more level ground and he would supplicate raising his hands. Then he would stone the middle Jamrah and he would move slightly left to a more convenient place and he would face the Qiblah and supplicate raising his hands and he would stand for a long time. He would then stone the last Jamrah from the middle of the valley but he would not stop to supplicate. He would depart saying: “This is the way I saw Allah’s Messenger acting.”
‘Asim Ibn ‘Adiyy reported from his father that Allah’s Messenger, (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), gave concession to stone the Jamrah on the Day of Nahr and to skip a day and night and then stone the Jamrah again the subsequent day.
By: Ibn Katheer
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