13. SACRIFICES ON ‘EID AL-ADHA
SACRIFICES ON ‘EID AL-ADHA
(Sacrifices are the livestock slaughtered in worship of Allah Most High between ‘Eid al-Adha and the last of the three days that follow it. They are a general hospitality from Allah to believers (to whom the meat is distributed. It is unlawful to give any of it to non-Muslims).}
‘Eid al-Adha sacrifices are a confirmed sunnah (which is considered obligatory in the Hanifi school) (being sunnah for those able to slaughter, though uncalled-for from the poor person who is unable).
It is recommended for someone who intends to sacrifice not to cut his hair or trim his nails on 10 Dhul-Hijjah until he slaughters (these being offensive until he does). The time for slaughtering begins when it is long enough after sermons to have performed the ‘Eid prayer with its two sermons (i.e. about forty minutes) (even if one does not attend it) and it ends at (sunset on) the last of the three days following the ‘Eid.
SACRIFICE ANIMAL SPECIFICATIONS
Only camels, cattle, sheep, or goats may be slaughtered. At the youngest, camels must be over five full years, cattle and goats over two full years, and sheep over one full year. A single camel or cow fulfills the sunnah for seven (men and their families), though a shah only fulfills it for one. It is superior to slaughter a single shah than to have a share in slaughtering a camel. The best animal to sacrifice is a camel, then a cow, then a sheep, and then a goat. The best kind of shah to slaughter is white, then tawny-colored, then black and white, and then a black one. n is a necessary condition that a sacrifice animal be free of defects that diminish (the quality of) its meat. It is invalid to slaughter:
1. a lame animal (that has an obvious walking problem that hinders its going to pasture and thus weakens it);
2. a blind or one-eyed animal (whose defect is manifest, as this diminishes its ability to graze);
3. a sick animal (whose infirmity is plain); (though if these defects are slight, the animal will suffice. It is likewise invalid to sacrifice an animal that is:)
4. deranged by malnutrition or insane;
5. mangy or scabrous (even when it is not obvious);
6. with an ear that has been cut off or a piece of it separated, even if not much (or one born without an ear);
7. or missing a considerable part of the haunch or similar meat-bearing portion (though not if it is a slight amount).
It is permissible to sacrifice an animal with a slit in its ear (a measure for identification that does not diminish the meat) or one with part or all of a horn broken off.
HAVING ANOTHER SLAUGHTER FOR ONE
It is best to slaughter the animal oneself (if one can slaughter well. If not, then it is obligatory to have someone who can slaughter properly do it for one). If unable to slaughter well, it is recommended to be present when it is done.
THE INTENTION
The intention to sacrifice must be made at the time of slaughtering. (It suffices the person who is having another slaughter for him to make the intention when he authorizes the other to do so.)
DISTRIBUTING THE MEAT
1t is recommended that a third of the animal sacrificed be eaten, a third be given away (even if to wealthy Muslims), and a third be given as charity (raw, not cooked). It is obligatory to give away some of the (raw) meat as charity, even if it is not much (it suffices to give it to one Muslim), and the hide is given in charity or used at home. It is not permissible to sell the hide or meat (all of the above applying to Sunna or voluntary sacrifices). It is not permissible for a person who has vowed a sacrifice to eat any of the animal slaughtered.
(Source: The reliance of the traveller, revised edition, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller)
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