11- HOW TO PERFORM THE PURIFICATORY BATH
HOW TO PERFORM THE PURIFICATORY BATH (GHUSL)
When performing the purificatory bath, one:
1. begins by saying, “In the name of Allah, Most Merciful and Compassionate”
2. removes any unclean matter on the body (pure or impure)
3. performs ablution (wudu) as one does before the prayer
4. pours water over the head three times, intending to lift a state of major ritual impurity (janaba) or menstruation, or to be permitted to perform the prayer, and running the finger~ through one’s hair to saturate it
5. And then pours water over the body’s right side three times, then over the left side three times, ensuring that water reaches all joints and folds, and rubbing oneself.
6. If bathing after menstruation, a woman uses some musk to eliminate the after scent of blood (by applying it to a piece of cotton and inserting it, after bathing, into the vagina as far as is obligatory for her to wash). (What is meant thereby is a substance that removes the traces of filth, by any means, and it is fine to use soap.)
Two things (alone) are obligatory for the validity of the purificatory bath:
a) Having the intention when water is first applied to the parts that must be washed
b) And that water reaches all of the hair and skin (to the roots of the hair, under nails, and the outwardly visible portion of the ear canals, though unlike ablution the sequence of washing the parts is not obligatory), even under the foreskin of the uncircumcised man, and the private parts of the non-virgin woman which are normally disclosed when she squats to relieve herself.
(In the Hanafi school, rinsing out the mouth and nostrils is obligatory for the validity of the purificatory bath (al-Lubab Ii sharh al-Kirab (y88), 1.14). It is religiously more precautionary for a Muslim never to omit it, and Allah knows best.)
If one begins the purificatory bath while on ablution (wudu) but nullifies it before finishing, one simply completes the bath (though one needs a new ablution before praying).
If there is filth (najasa) on the body, one washes it off by pouring water on it and then performs the purificatory bath, though washing oneself a single time suffices for both removing it and for the purificatory bath.
When a woman who is obliged to both lift a state of major ritual impurity (Janaba) and purify after menstruation performs the purificatory bath for either of these, it suffices for both.
Whoever performs the bath one time with the intention to (both) lift a state of major ritual impurity and fulfil the sunnah of the Friday prayer bath has performed both, though if he only intends one, his bath counts for that one but not the other.
The purificatory bath is sunnah:
1. For those who want to attend the Friday prayer (the bath’s time beginning at dawn)
2. On the two ‘Eids (the time for it beginning from the middle of the night)
3. On days when the sun or moon eclipse
4. Before the drought prayer
5. Perform ablution (wudu) after touching a corpse)
6. After recovering one’s sanity or regaining consciousness after having lost it
7. (before) entering the state of pilgrim sanctity (ihram), when entering Mecca, for standing at ‘Arata, for circumambulating the Kaaba (is) and going between Safa and Marwa, for entering Medina, at al-Mash’ar al-Haram, and for each day of stoning at Mina on the three days following ‘Eid al-Adha
(Source: The reliance of the traveller, revised edition, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller)
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