109- AL-KAFIRUN
THE DISBELIEVERS
Al-Kāfirūn is an early Makkan sūrah believed to have been revealed shortly after Sūrah 107, al Māʿūn. It takes its name from the fact that the whole of the sūrah is presented as a direct address to the disbelievers. It is said to have been revealed in response to a proposal from the leaders of Makkah, who approached the Prophet and said, “Muhammad, come let us worship what you worship, and you worship what we worship. We will come together in this matter. If what you worship is better than what we worship, we shall take a share of it, and ifwhat we worship is better than what you worship, you shall take a share of it.” He replied, “God forbid that I associate anything with Him,” and so God revealed from Say, “O disbelievers!” up to the end of the sūrah. The Prophet then went to the Sacred Sanctuary, which was full of people, and recited to them the sūrah. It was at that point that they despaired of leading him away from his religion.
Many aḥādīth claim that it is “one-fourth of the Quran” and that the Prophet would often recite this sūrah along with Sūrah 112, al-Ikhlāṣ, in his supererogatory prayers before the obligatory morning prayer and after the obligatory sunset prayer.
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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