100- AL-ADIYAT
THE CHARGERS
Most commentators maintain that al-ʿĀdiyāt was revealed in the early Makkan period, most likely soon after Sūrah 101, al-Qāriʿah. Others maintain that it was revealed in the beginning of the Madinan period (Āl, Ṭs). The case for Makkan attribution is supported by its similarity in style to other Makkan sūrahs, while the case for Madinan attribution is supported by some interpretations of the subject matter.
The sūrah takes its name from the mention of the chargers in the first verse. There are several different accounts regarding the occasion of revelation. In the first, it is reported that the Prophet sent a military expedition under the command of alMundhir ibn ʿAmr al-Anṣārī to a clan of Banū Kinānah. When news of the expedition was delayed, the hypocrites said, “They have all been killed,” and so God gave news about this expedition and revealed By the panting chargers, meaning the horses of that expedition (Ṭs). Others have said that the verses refer to the Battle of Badr, but according to an account attributed to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib there were only two horses at Badr; the rest of the mounts were camels. Another account attributed to ʿAlī sees these oaths as depictions of that portion of the ḥajj pilgrimage in which the pilgrims rush on their mounts from Mt. ʿArafat to Muzdalifah and on to Minā.
The sūrah begins with five oaths by various forms of charging horses (vv. 1–5). The next three verses (vv. 6–8) discuss the state of human beings and their ingratitude toward God, while the last three verses (vv. 9–11) warn that God is aware of all things and that on the Day of Judgment one will have to answer for what lies within one’s breast.
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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