10. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPHET’S ENTRANCE INTO MAKKAH
It is recorded in the Saheehain on the authority of Anas that on the Day of the Conquest, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah, wearing a helmet on his head. When he took it off, a man came and said: “Ibn Khatal is clinging to the curtain of Ka‘bah.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Kill him.” Malik (a sub-narrator) said: “On that day the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was not in a state of Ihram, as it appeared to us. And Allah (SWT) knows best.”
Ahmad related on the authority of Jabir that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah on the Day of the Conquest wearing a black turban.
Muslim related on the authority of ‘Amr Ibn Huraith, who narrated: “As if I am seeing Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah with a pitch-black turban on his head, and its two ends hanging between his shoulders.” The compilers of the four Sunan related on the authority of Jabir that the flag of the Messenger of Allah was white on the day he entered Makkah.
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Mu‘awiyah Ibn Qurrah, who narrated that I heard ‘Abdullah Ibn Mughaffal said: “I saw Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah riding his she-camel, reciting Surah Al-Fat‘h in a vibrant quivering tone.” The sub-narrator added: “Were I not afraid that the people would gather around me, I would recite in a vibrant quivering tone just as he Did.”
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Hisham Ibn ‘Urwah from his father that ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) informed him that on the Day of the Conquest, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered through Kada’ in the upper part of Makkah. Abu Usamah and Wuhaib followed him concerning the wording Kada’. ‘Ubaid Ibn Isma’eel narrated from Abu Usamah from Hisham on the authority of his father that in the Year of the Conquest, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered from the upper part of Makkah through Kada’. This is more authentic.
Ibn Ishaq related that Ibn Abi Najeeh stated in his Hadith that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered Khalid Ibn AlWaleed to enter from Al-Leet, in the lower part of Makkah with a group of people. At that time, Khalid was on the right flank, which included the tribes of Aslam, Sulaim, Ghifar, Muzainah, Juhainah and a number of other Arab tribes.
Abu ‘Ubaidah Ibn Al-Jarrah approached with the Muslim column to lay ambush to Makkah. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered from Adhakhir until he disembarked at the upper part of Makkah where his tent was pitched.”
Al-Bukhari related that Usamah Ibn Zaid asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at the time of the Conquest: “O Allah’s Messenger! Where will we camp tomorrow?” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: said, “Has ‘Aqeel left for us any house to lodge in?” He then added, “ (Anyway) No Believer will inherit an infidel’s property, and no infidel will inherit the property of a Believer.”
Al-Bukhari also related on the authority of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “If Allah makes us victorious, our camping place will be Al-Khaif, the place where the infidels took an oath of dedication to kufr.” Ibn Ishaq said that ‘Abdullah Ibn Khatal belonged to Banu Taim Ibn Ghalib.
I say: His name was probably ‘Abdul ‘Uzza Ibn Khatal and when he became Muslim, his name was changed to ‘Abdullah. After he accepted Islam, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent him to collect Zakah and sent an Ansari along with him. Ibn Khatal also had with him his mawla (freed slave). On the way, he became extremely angry with the mawla, killed him and then apostatized. He had two female singers, Fartana and her friend, both of whom used to satirize the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the Muslims in their songs. It is for this reason that his blood and that of the two female singers were permitted to be shed. He was killed while hanging on the drapes of Ka‘bah. Abu Barzah Al-Aslami and Sa’eed Ibn Huraith Al-Makhzoomi jointly executed him. One of the two female singers was also executed while security was requested (and granted) for the other.
The narrator added: Al-Huwairith Ibn Nuqaidh Ibn Wahb Ibn Abd Ibn Qusayy was one of those who used to harm the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Makkah. When ‘Abbas carried Fatimah and Umm Kulthoom so that they may join their father, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Madinah during the first Hijrah, AlHuwairith poked the camel on which the Prophet’s daughters were riding and they both fell off the animal. Thus, when the permission for his killing was given, ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib executed him.
He also added that Miqyas Ibn Subabah was also killed because he killed someone who mistakenly killed his brother after he had collected the blood money (for his brother) and also apostatized. A member from his clan named Numailah Ibn ‘Abdullah carried out his execution. Another person who was permitted to be killed was Sarah, the female client of Banu ‘Abdul-Muttalib and of ‘Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl as she would harm the Prophet while she was in Makkah.
I say: It has been expressed earlier that she is the same person who was carrying the letter of Hatib Ibn Abi Balta‘ah. It appears that she was forgiven or perhaps she fled. Later, the order for her execution was given. And Allah (SWT) knows best. She fled again until her protection was sought from the Messenger Of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and it was granted. She lived until the rule of ‘Umar; someone ran over her with a horse after which she died. As-Suhaili mentioned that Fartana also accepted Islam.
On the authority of Mus‘ab Ibn Sa’d from his father that on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, granted amnesty to the people with the exception of four men and two women. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, gave the command: “Kill them even if you find them hanging to the drapes of the Ka‘bah.” They included: ‘Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl, ‘Abdullah Ibn Khatal, Miqyas Ibn Subabah, and ‘Abdullah Ibn Sa’d Ibn Abi Sarh. As for ‘Abdullah Ibn Khatal, he was found hanging on the drape of the Ka‘bah, Sa’eed Ibn Huraith and ‘Ammar Ibn Yasir raced toward him, but Sa’eed was faster for he was the younger of the two, and he killed him. Miqyas was found in the market and he was killed. ‘Ikrimah fled to the high sea, where they were caught in a storm. The occupants of the ship said to one another, “Worship Allah sincerely for all your (false) deities will not suffice you in the least in this precarious situation.” ‘Ikrimah said: “By Allah, if one cannot be saved on the high sea except through sincerity to Allah, then one cannot possibly be saved (at any other time) by someone other than Him. O Allah, I give You my solemn pledge that if You deliver me from this situation I will go to Muhammad and place my hand in his.” True to his vow,‘Ikrimah came and accepted Islam.
‘Abdullah Ibn Sa’d Ibn Abi Sarh was with ‘Uthman. When Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, invited the people to pledge allegiance, ‘Uthman brought him to the presence of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said: “O Messenger of Allah, take ‘Abdullah’s (pledge of) allegiance.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, lifted his gaze to look at him three times, each time refusing (to accept) his allegiance. After the third time, he accepted his pledge of allegiance and then turned to his Companions and said: “Wasn’t there any intelligent person who would have killed him when you saw that I tarried in accepting his allegiance?” They said: “We did not know what you intended. Why didn’t you wink at us (to give a sign) ?” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “It is not fitting for a Prophet to kill by gestures.” Related by Abu Dawood and An-Nasa’i also related a similar narration.
Ibn Ishaq related on the authority of Abu Murrah, the freed slave of ‘Aqeel Ibn Abi Talib that Umm Hani, the daughter of Abi Talib, said that when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, disembarked at upper Makkah, two men from my in-laws among Banu Makhzoom fled to me. Ibn Hisham added: They were Al-Harith Ibn Hisham and Zuhair Ibn Abi Umayyah Ibn Al-Mugheerah. She was married to Hubairah Ibn Abi Wahb AlMakhzoomi.
Umm Hani continued: “My brother, ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib, came in to see me and insisted: ‘I shall kill both of them.’ So I locked the door of my house on both of them and went to Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at the upper part of Makkah. I found him taking a bath from a bowl with a dough stain and Fatimah was hiding him with a cloth. When he finished his bath, he donned his cloth and offered eight units of Dhuha prayer and then came to meet me, and said: ‘Welcome, O Umm Hani, what brought you here?’ I informed him about the two men and ‘Ali’s insistence (on killing them). He said: ‘I have granted asylum to whoever you grant asylum and safety to whom you grant safety. He shall not kill them’.”
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Ibn Abi Laila that no one narrated to us that he saw the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, offering the Salat ud-Dhuha other than Umm Hani. She mentioned that on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, took a bath in her house and then offered eight units of prayer. She added: “I never saw him offering a lighter prayer than that, even though he completed the bowing and prostration properly.”
Ibn Ishaq related on the authority of Safiyyah Bint Shaibah that when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, arrived in Makkah and the people settled down, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came to the House (Ka‘bah) and circumambulated it seven times while riding his animal touching the corner with a staff in his hand. When he completed his tawaf, he called ‘Uthman Ibn Talhah and took the key to the Ka‘bah and opened it. When he entered it, he found a wooden pigeon which he broke and threw it (out). Then he stood by the door of the Ka‘bah while the people gathered around him in the Grand Mosque.
Ibn Ishaq said that some people of knowledge informed him that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stood by the door of the Ka‘bah and said: “I bear witness that none is worthy of worship (in truth) except Allah, He is Alone without any associate. He has fulfilled His promise and helped His slave and routed the confederates. Take note! All the merits mentioned in pre-Islamic times, and the claims made for blood or property are now under my feet, except the custody of the Ka‘bah and the supply of water to the pilgrims.
“Take note! The blood-money for unintentional murder, which appears intentional such as those murdered with a whip or a stick is one hundred camels, forty of which should be pregnant. O company of the Quraish, Allah has eliminated the haughtiness of the time of ignorance and pride in ancestry. Every man is from Adam and Adam is from dust.”
Then he recited this Verse: “O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female…” (Soorah Al-Hujurat 49:13) in its entirety, and then said: “O people of Quraish! What do you think of the treatment that I am about to give you?” They replied: “We expect nothing but goodness from you, (you are a) noble brother and the son of a noble brother!” Upon this the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Go, for you are free.”
Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sat in the Mosque. ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib went up to him bearing the key to the Ka‘bah and said: “Grant us the custody (of Ka‘bah) and the (job of the) supplying water to the pilgrims, Allah’s peace be upon you.” Upon Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Where is ‘Uthman Ibn Talhah?” He was called and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him: “O ‘Uthman, this is your key. Today is a day of benevolence and fealty.”
Ibn Hisham related that some people of knowledge informed me that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered the Ka‘bah on the Day of the Conquest and saw the pictures of angels and others. He also saw a picture of Ibrahim with divining arrows in his hand. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “May Allah kill them all! They turned our chief into an arrow diviner! What has Ibrahim got to do with divining arrows?” and recited the Verse,“Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Haneef (Islamic Monotheism – to worship none but Allah Alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikoon.” (Soorah Aal Imran 3:67) Then he commanded that the pictures be destroyed.
Al-Bukhari related that Abdullah Ibn Mas‘ood said: When the Messenger of Allah entered Makkah on the Day of Conquest, there were 360 idols around the Ka‘bah. He started striking them with a stick, which he had in his hand, and kept saying, “The truth has come, and falsehood can neither create anything nor resurrect (anything).”
Ibn ‘Abbas narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah on the Day of the Conquest riding his camel and circumambulated the House on it. Surrounding the Ka‘bah were idols bound with lead. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, began to point to the idols with something in his hand, saying: “Truth has come and falsehood has vanished. Surely, falsehood is bound to vanish.” He did not point at the face of any of the idols except that it fell on its back, and he did not point at its back except that it fell on its face, until all the idols fell down. Tameem Ibn Asad Al-Khuza‘i said in a verse of poetry: In the (fate of the) idols are lessons and knowledge For he who hopes for reward or punishment.
Abu Hurairah narrated in the Hadith of the Conquest of Makkah saying: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, proceeded until he approached the (Black) Stone. He kissed it and circumambulated the Ka‘bah. He approached an idol by the side of the Ka‘bah which was worshipped by the people. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had a bow in his hand, and he was holding it from a corner. When he came near the idol, he began to pierce its eyes with the bow saying: “Truth has been established and falsehood has perished.” When he finished the circumambulation, he came to Safa,ascended it to a height from where he could see the Ka‘bah, raised his hands (in prayer) and began to praise Allah and supplicate as much as he wanted.
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas that upon the arrival of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Makkah, he refused to enter the Ka‘bah while idols still remained inside it. He commanded that they be thrown
out. Then they brought a picture of Ibrahim and Isma‘eel, peace be upon both of them, with divining arrows in their hands to which he said: “May Allah ruin them! They knew that both of them were never divided by an arrow.” He then entered the Ka‘bah and extolled the Greatness of Allah by all its sides and he came out without offering any prayer in it. Imam Ahmad related on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas that when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered the Ka‘bah, he supplicated by its corner and then came out to offer two units of prayer.
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah on the Day of the Conquest from its upper part while riding his she-camel, and Usamah was riding behind him. Bilal and ‘Uthman Ibn Talhah, one of the servants of the Ka‘bah, were also accompanying him until he made his camel kneel in the Mosque and asked the latter to bring the key of the Ka‘bah. He opened the door of the Ka‘bah and Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered in the company of Usamah, Bilal and ‘Uthman, and stayed in it for a long time. When he came out, the people rushed to it, and ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar was the first to enter it and found Bilal standing behind the door. He asked Bilal: “Where did the Prophet offer his prayer?” He pointed to the place where he had offered his prayer. ‘Abdullah said: “I forgot to ask him how many Rak’ahs he had performed.”
It is mentioned in Saheeh Bukhari and others that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed in the Ka‘bah, with his back to the door between the two pillars, one on the right and the other on his left and three other pillars toward his back. At the time, the House had six pillars. Between him and the western wall (of the Ka‘bah) was a distance of three arms Length.
Yoonus Ibn Bukair related on the authority of Ibn Ishaq who said: “My father informed me that a member of the household of Jubair Ibn Mut‘im informed him that when Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered Makkah, he ordered Bilal to climb the roof of the Ka‘bah and give the call to prayer, to which he complied.” One of Banu Sa’eed Ibn Al-‘As said: “Allah has conferred honor on Sa’eed for he died before he could witness the spectacle of this black man on the rooftop of the Ka‘bah.”
Al-Baihaqi related on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas that Abu Sufyan saw Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, walking while the people were trailing behind him. He said to himself: “What if I were to renew fighting with this man?”
Then Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came and struck me on the chest with his hand and said: “Then you will be disgraced.” Then Abu Sufyan said: “I repent to Allah and seek His forgiveness for what I have uttered.”
Al-Bukhari related on the authority of Mujahid that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: Allah’s Messenger got up on the Day of the Conquest of Makkahand said: “Allah has made Makkah a sanctuary since the day He created the heavens and the Earth, and it will remain a sanctuary by virtue of the sanctity Allah has bestowed on it until the Day of Resurrection. It (i.e. fighting in it) was not made lawful to anyone before me nor will it be made lawful to anyone after me, and it was not made lawful for me except for a short period of time. Its game should not be chased, nor should its trees be cut, nor its vegetation or grass uprooted; its Luqatah (i.e. lost things) should not be picked up except by the one who makes a public announcement of it.” ‘Abbas Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib interjected: “Except the Idhkhir, O Allah’s Messenger, as it is indispensable for blacksmiths and houses.” On that, the The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, kept quiet and then said: “Except the Idhkhir as it is lawful to cut.”
Imam Ahmad related on the authority of ‘Amr Ibn Shu‘aib from his grandfather through his father that when Allah allowed His Messenger to conquer Makkah, he said: “All hostilities must cease except for the Khuza‘ah against Banu Bakr.” He gave them permission until he offered the ‘Asr prayer. He then said: “All hostilities should cease.” The following day a man from Khuza‘ah came across another man from Banu Bakr at Muzdalifah and killed him. When the news of that (incident) reached the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, he rose to address the people. (The narrator added: I saw him while his back was against the Ka‘bah saying): “The one who transgressed most against Allah is he who killed in the sacred precinct or murdered one not guilty of murder or took vengeance of the time of ignorance.”
On the authority of Al-Harith Ibn Malik Ibn Al-Barsa’ Al-Khuza‘i who narrated: I heard Allah’s Messenger say on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah: “After this day, this (city) shall not be invaded again (forever) till the Day of Resurrection.”
It is recorded in Saheeh Muslim on the authority of Mutee’ Ibn Al-Aswad AlAdawi who narrated that Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah: “The Quraish shall not be killed helplessly after this day until the Day of Resurrection.” This statement is similar to the previous one.
Ibn Hisham related that “some people of knowledge informed me that Fadalah Ibn ‘Umair Ibn Mulawwah, that is, Al-Laithi, wanted to kill the Prophet while he was circumambulating the Ka‘bah in the Year of the Conquest. When he approached him, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said (to him): “Is this Fadalah?” He replied: “Yes, it is Fadalah, O Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, then asked: “What are you nursing in your mind?” Fadalah said: “Nothing. I am merely remembering Allah.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, smiled and said: “Seek Allah’s forgiveness.” Then he placed his hand on his bosom and his heart became calm. Fadalah used to say: “He had hardly removed his hand from my bosom when I felt that there was no one more beloved to me than he.”
Fadalah added: “Thereafter, I returned to my family. On the way, I came across a woman with whom I used to have an affair (during Jahiliyyah). She said: ‘Come over so that we can chat’.” He (Fadalah) declined and then began to say (in verse): She said: come so that we may chat I said: No, Allah and Islam forbid it to me If you had seen Muhammad and his tribe On the Day of the Conquest when the idols were shattered You would have seen the religion of Allah becoming manifest And the face of idolatry being smothered in darkness.
Ibn Ishaq related the authority of ‘Urwah from ‘A’ishah (May Allah be pleased with her) who narrated: Safwan left for Juddah with the intention of boarding (a ship) to Yemen. ‘Umair Ibn Wahb said: “O Allah’s Prophet, Safwan Ibn Umayyah is the chief of his people but he has left in flight from you so as to plunge himself into the sea, please grant him amnesty.” The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “He is granted amnesty.” Again he asked: “Messenger of Allah, give me a sign for your amnesty.” Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, gave him his turban which he had put on when he entered Makkah.
So Umair left in search of Safwan. He found him while he was trying to go to sea. He caught him and said: “O Safwan, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you! Allah has saved your soul from perdition. Here is an amnesty that I obtained from Allah’s Messenger (for you).” He said: “Stay away from me and don’t talk to me.” ‘Umair insisted: “Safwan, may my mother and father be sacrificed for you, your cousin is the best of men, the most benevolent, most forbearing. His glory is equally yours, his honor is yours and his reign is yours as well.” Safwan said: “I am afraid for my life.” ‘Umair insisted: “He is far more forbearing and nobler than that.” Finally, he conceded and returned with him. When he came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Safwan said: “This one claims that you have given me amnesty.” “He has spoken the truth,” the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, replied. Then Safwan requested: “Can you give me two months to choose?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “You can have four months to choose.”
Ibn Ishaq related on the authority of Az-Zuhri that Fakhitah Bint Al-Waleed, Safwan’s wife, and Umm Hakeem Bint Al-Harith Ibn Hisham, ‘Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl’s wife, had gone after him to Yemen and brought him back, and he accepted Islam. When both of them (Safwan and ‘Ikrimah) accepted Islam, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, allowed their wives to remain with them (in marriage) with the first Contract.”
Ibn Ishaq also related that the number of those who witnessed the Conquest of Makkah among the Muslims were 10,000. Banu Sulaim contributed 700 while another opinion put their contribution at 1,000. Banu Ghifar had 400 men. As many as 400 men were from Banu Aslam. Banu Muzainah contributed 1,003 men while the rest of the army was from the Quraish, the Ansar and their allies from the various Arab tribes of Tameem, Qais, and Asad. ‘Urwah, Az-Zuhri and Moosa Ibn Uqbah narrated: the number of the Muslims with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on the Day of the Conquest was 12,000. And Allah (SWT) knows best.
By: Ibn Katheer
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