093- AL-DUHA
THE MORNING BRIGHTNESS
Al-Duha is an early Makkan sūrah, considered by many commentators to be fourth (others say seventh) in the chronological order of revelation and perhaps the first sūrah to be revealed in full at one time. Other commentators maintain that the first sūrah, al-Fātiḥah, was the first sūrah to be revealed in full.
The title, al-Ḍuḥā, is here translated as “The Morning Brightness” based upon the most common understanding of alḍuḥā as a reference to the light of the rising sun, but it can also refer to the period from daybreak until noon, as in 79:46, where it is translated morning. Others take al-ḍuḥā as a reference to the light of the sun or to the whole day, because it is illuminated by the sun. It can also be seen as a reference to the whole of creation, which is made visible through the light of the sun. Al-ḍuḥā is also the name for one of the supererogatory prayers performed in the late morning hours.
According to several commentators, the Prophet had not received a revelation for some time (some say twelve days, others forty, and others fifty), and one of the idolaters said to him, “O Muhammad, it seems to me that your satan has forsaken you”; so God sent down this sūrah to reassure him. Others say that it was in response to several idolaters saying, “Surely Muhammad’s lord has forsaken him and despised him”. In another account, the Prophet became sick and could not offer his supererogatory night vigil (tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then Umm Jamīl bint Ḥarb, the wife of Abū Lahab, whose punishment is described in Sūrah 111, al-Masad, came and said, “O Muhammad! I think that your satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!” And then God revealed vv. 1–3.
The main theme of the sūrah is consolation of the Prophet. It begins with an assertion that God would not abandon the Prophet (vv. 1–3), then reminds him of God’s Favor toward him (vv. 6–8), and ends with an exhortation to care for the downtrodden and to preach God’s message (vv. 9–11).
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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