091- AL-SHAMS
THE SUN
Al-Shams is an early Makkan sūrah thought by most to have been revealed shortly after Sūrah 97, al-Qadr. It takes its name from the first oath that God takes in the sūrah: By the sun. The first ten verses emphasize the physical and spiritual polarity inherent in creation and the power of the Creator over it; the first eight do so through a series of oaths, the next two (vv. 9–10) by reflecting upon the human soul as it is situated between iniquity and purity.
In this sense, the sūrah follows upon the previous sūrah, which distinguishes between the two highways (90:10), and those of the left and those of the right. The last five verses focus on the story of the northern Arabian tribe Thamūd as an example of what befalls those who reject God’s messengers and disobey them, thus preferring iniquity to purity. That the story of the Thamūd is discussed here and in 54:23–31, two early revelations, and then expanded in later Madinan sūrahs (7:73–80; 11:61–69) indicates that it was well known to the Arabs.
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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