083- AL-MUFFIFIN
THOSE WHO DEFRAUD
Al-Mutaf ifīn is a late Makkan or early Madinan sūrah, or a combination of the two. The first four verses were reportedly revealed just after the Prophet’s arrival in Madinah (Bg, IK, Ṭ); vv. 5–28 are then considered to have been revealed in Madinah; and the last eight verses were most likely the last verses of the Quran to be revealed in Makkah. Others maintain that all of the verses except the first four were revealed in Makkah.
The sūrah takes its name from the reference to the defrauders in v. 1. Defrauders renders al-muṭaf ifīn, which is based upon the word ṭafīf, deriving from ṭaf , meaning “the very edge” of something. Something that is slight or insufficient is called ṭafīf; the term also indicates a measure that is not completely full, not up to the edge. Muṭaf ifīn thus implies those who “skim” a tiny bit off the top and in this way shortchange others. More broadly, it indicates those who ask that their own rights be observed, but are not willing to recognize the rights of others, or those who see faults in others, but do not see them in themselves (Qu, R). Beginning with a condemnation of those who shortchange others (vv. 1–6), the sūrah then provides a contrast between the fate of the profligate (vv. 7–17) and the rewards of the pious (vv. 18–28) and concludes with a discussion of the fate of the sinners who mocked the Prophet and his followers (vv. 29–36).
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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