073- AL- MUZZAMMIL
THE ENWRAPPED ONE
Al-Muzzammil is among the earliest Makkan sūrahs. Many commentators maintain that v. 20 was revealed about one year later than the remainder of the sūrah, while others believe that v. 20 is from the Madinan period. In either case, all of the verses except v. 20 are said to have been revealed immediately after the first five verses of Sūrah 74, al-Muddaththir. This sūrah takes its name from God’s addressing the Prophet as thou enwrapped (al-Muzzammil) in the first verse.
The main theme is the injunction to perform night vigil (tahajjud), which was made obligatory before the five daily prayers had been established; however, the modification of the injunction to perform night vigil in the last verse made it henceforth voluntary. The direct address to the Prophet, which tells him of the weighty Word (v. 5) of revelation, follows upon the mention of the messengers in the last verses of the previous sūrah, all of whom received a weighty Word in one form or another.
The first section (vv. 1–9) establishes the supremacy of night vigil and the obligation to perform it, and the second section (vv. 10–14) counsels the Prophet not to worry about those who do not heed the revelation. The third section (vv. 15–19) shifts the address to those who deny the Prophet, likening Muhammad to Moses, and alludes to the apocalyptic inversions (see Sūrahs 81 and 82) that will occur on the Day of Judgment. The last verse then removes the obligation of night vigil imposed in the first section, although it enjoins prayer and paying alms.
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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