049- AL-HUJURAT
THE PRIVATE APARTMENTS
Al-Ḥujurāt
Al-Ḥujurāt is from the late Madinan period, although a minority maintain that v. 13 is from the Makkan period. It derives its name from the reference to the private apartments of the Prophet’s wives in v. 4. The sūrah was most likely revealed in the year 9/630 after the Muslims had captured Makkah and most of Arabia had come under the Prophet’s rule. As such, it addresses the complexities of ruling over this larger and more diverse community and instructs more recent members in proper conduct toward the Prophet. This is most evident in the first part of the sūrah (vv. 1–5), which instructs the Muslim community in the proper etiquette for their encounters with the Prophet.
The second section (vv. 6–12) focuses upon the ties of brotherhood within the Muslim community and the forms of behavior that should be avoided in order to facilitate it. This unifying theme can be seen as following directly upon the description of those who are with the Prophet at the end of the previous sūrah (see 48:29). As Ibn ʿAjībah states, “After giving them the good news of forgiveness [in 48:29], God instructed the companions in proper conduct (adab) because it is among the greatest means for obtaining forgiveness and proximity [to God].” The last part of this sūrah (vv. 13–18) clarifies the true nature of faith and belief, providing one of the most famous lines of the Quran: Surely the most noble of you before God are the most reverent of you (v. 13).
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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