046- AL-AHQAF
SAND DUNES
Al-Aḥqāf
Al-Aḥqāf is a late Makkan sūrah. Some commentators maintain that the entire sūrah is Makkan, although most believe that v. 10 is from the Madinan period, to which some add v. 15 and others v. 35. The majority of the sūrah was most likely revealed around the same time as Sūrah 72, al-Jinn, two years before the Prophet’s migration to Madinah. The last of the seven sūrahs that begin with the Arabic letters ḥāʾ and mīm, it takes its name from the mention of the sand dunes in v. 21 as a place near which the pre-Islamic Arabian prophet Hūd warned his people, the tribe of ʿĀd.
Al-Aḥqāf begins with a response to the disbelievers, calling them to account for their rejection of the revelation and confirming the nature of revelation as something that is not a human innovation (vv. 2–9). A brief reference to the Torah and those who believed in it (vv. 10–12), followed by an affirmation of belief in one God (vv. 13–14), then transitions into a discussion of the rights of parents (vv. 15–17), which are often considered second only to the rights of God and His messengers. A discussion of the disbelievers (vv. 18–20) then segues into a story of the Prophet Hūd, the manner in which the people rejected him, and the punishment that was sent upon them (vv. 21–25). The story of their destruction is used as a warning to the Quraysh that they can be destroyed, just as those who were more powerful than they were destroyed before (vv. 26–28). A recounting of the story of the jinn who heard the Quran and then called their community to follow the Prophet (vv. 29–32) concludes with a reminder of God’s Omnipotence (vv. 33–34). A final verse counsels the Prophet to follow the example of prophets before him who patiently endured the insults of the disbelievers (v. 35).
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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