011- HŪD
HŪD
Hūd
Hūd is the second in a series of six sūrahs whose opening verses include the letters alif, lām, and rāʾ, and which speak of the Book. As is clear from its content and message, this sūrah was revealed after Sūrah 10 and thus belongs to the earlier Makkan period (JJ), with the possible exception of vv. 12, 17, and 114, which are said by many commentators to have been revealed in Madinah. However, the context of v. 12 clearly situates it in the Makkan period, at the height of the Makkan idolaters’ opposition to the Prophet’s mission.
Concerning this sūrah and several others (i.e., Sūrahs 56, 77, 78, and 81), the Prophet is reported to have said, “Hūd and her sisters have turned my hair gray.” The sūrah begins with the Prophet’s call to the Makkan idolaters to worship the one true God (v. 2), promising them punishment if they turn away from this call (v. 3). It also seeks to address certain difficulties the Prophet encountered with the Makkans during the earlier phases of his prophetic mission, such as their concealed animosity toward him (v. 5), their rejection of the Resurrection (v. 7), their outrageous demands that he demonstrates the veracity of his message (v. 12), and their accusations that the Quran was fabricated (v. 13).
The sūrah then transitions to a long section (vv. 25–99) that recounts the stories of the prophets Noah (vv. 25–48), Hūd (vv. 50–60, from which the sūrah derives its title), Ṣāliḥ (vv. 61–68), Abraham (vv. 69–76), Lot (vv. 77–83), Shuʿayb (vv. 84–95), and Moses (vv. 96–99). This section has many parallels with 7:59–136, serving here to console the Prophet in the environment of the Makkan idolaters’ growing hostility toward him and the believers. It demonstrates to the Prophet the manner in which the previous prophets also faced great trials in delivering their message to their people and describes how, in the end, they overcame their opponents with the Help of God. Thus, at the end of the sūrah, the Prophet is told that these stories have been related to make his heart firm (v. 120), pointing to one of the main effects of the sacred history recounted in the Quran. The remaining verses in the sūrah encourage the Prophet and the believers, among other matters, to persist in the prescribed prayers (v. 114), be patient (v. 115), and trust in God (v. 123).
(source: “The Study Quran” a new translation and commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr)
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